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This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the acute effects of a single session of moderate-intensity freestyle swimming exercise on cognitive performance in healthy young adults. Cognitive functions such as inhibitory control, selective attention, and cognitive flexibility are essential components of executive functioning and play an important role in academic, occupational, and daily activities.
A total of 60 healthy adults aged 18-35 years will be randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. Participants in the exercise group will complete a 30-minute session of moderate-intensity freestyle swimming, while participants in the control group will undergo passive seated rest for the same duration.
Cognitive performance will be evaluated immediately before and after the intervention using the Eriksen Flanker Task and the Stroop Color-Word Test. These assessments measure reaction time, attention control, information processing speed, and inhibitory control.
The study is designed to determine whether a single bout of swimming exercise can produce immediate improvements in executive functions compared with passive rest. Findings from this research may contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between aerobic exercise and cognitive performance and may help inform exercise-based strategies for enhancing cognitive health and performance in healthy individuals.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Participants assigned to the experimental group completed a single 30-minute session of moderate-intensity freestyle swimming exercise. The exercise protocol included a 5-minute warm-up, 20 minutes of continuous swimming at moderate intensity (approximately 60-70% of age-predicted maximum heart rate), and a 5-minute cool-down period. |
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| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants assigned to the control group remained seated at rest for 30 minutes in a quiet environment. During this period, participants were instructed to avoid physical activity and cognitive stimulation. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate-Intensity Freestyle Swimming Exercise | Behavioral | A single session of moderate-intensity freestyle swimming lasting 30 minutes. The protocol consisted of a 5-minute warm-up, 20 minutes of continuous freestyle swimming performed at approximately 60-70% of age-predicted maximum heart rate, and a 5-minute cool-down. Exercise intensity was monitored using ratings of perceived exertion and heart rate measurements. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Congruent Flanker Task Reaction Time | Mean reaction time during congruent trials of the Eriksen Flanker Task. | Immediately before and immediately after the 30-minute intervention session |
| Incongruent Flanker Task Reaction Time | Mean reaction time during incongruent trials of the Eriksen Flanker Task. | Immediately before and immediately after the 30-minute intervention session |
| Stroop Test Completion Time | Total completion time across the Stroop Color-Word Test (TBAG Form), assessing inhibitory control, selective attention, and cognitive flexibility. | Immediately before and immediately after the 30-minute intervention session |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Rumeli University, Faculty of Sport Sciences | Istanbul | Istanbul | 34290 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a moderate-intensity freestyle swimming exercise group or a passive rest control group. Both groups completed pre- and post-intervention cognitive assessments, and outcomes were compared between groups.
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The researcher responsible for scoring cognitive outcomes was blinded to group allocation. Cognitive assessments were scored using standardized procedures and automated software. Participants and investigators supervising the intervention were not blinded due to the nature of the exercise intervention.
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