This randomized non-inferiority study evaluates whether a robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) training pathway incorporating the IMRA Surgical Prostatectomy Class V Hydrogel Model is as effective as the current standard training pathway in achieving surgical proficiency.

Participants enrolled in a standardized robotic surgery training course will be randomly assigned to one of two training pathways that differ only in the training model used during one phase of the course. All participants will subsequently undergo assessment during human cadaver training.

The primary outcome is the proportion of participants who achieve predefined proficiency criteria during the final assessment. Secondary outcomes include technical performance scores, technical errors, self-reported confidence, perceived readiness to perform robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, and feasibility of implementing a synthetic model-based training pathway.

The study aims to determine whether a high-fidelity hydrogel model can provide training outcomes comparable to those achieved with biological models, supporting more ethical, scalable, and standardized robotic surgery training.

Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is one of the most technically demanding procedures in robotic urologic surgery and requires structured training to ensure safe and effective skill acquisition. The Certified Curriculum in Robotic Radical Prostatectomy (CC-ERUS) is a proficiency-based training pathway developed by the European Association of Urology Robotic Urology Section (ERUS) to standardize training and assessment in RARP. The curriculum includes simulation-based training, biological models, and human cadaver training before participants are assessed for proficiency.

The use of biological training models presents ethical, logistical, regulatory, and scalability challenges. High-fidelity synthetic hydrogel models have recently been developed as potential alternatives that may provide realistic anatomical representation and tissue handling characteristics while reducing reliance on biological models. The present study evaluates whether incorporation of the IMRA Surgical Prostatectomy Class V Hydrogel Model within a standardized RARP training pathway results in training outcomes that are non-inferior to those achieved using the current standard training pathway.

This study is a prospective, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial embedded within a standardized five-day robotic surgery training course at ORSI Academy. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to one of two training pathways. Both pathways are identical in educational content, duration, faculty supervision, and learning objectives. The only difference between groups is the training modality used during Day 4 of the course. Participants assigned to the standard pathway will train on human cadaver models, whereas participants assigned to the experimental pathway will train using the IMRA Surgical Prostatectomy Class V Hydrogel Model.

On Day 5, all participants will undergo training and assessment on human cadaver models under identical conditions. Technical performance will be evaluated using validated procedure-specific metrics for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. The primary objective is to determine whether the hydrogel-based training pathway is non-inferior to the standard pathway with respect to achievement of predefined proficiency criteria during the final human cadaver assessment. Additional analyses will evaluate technical performance metrics, procedural errors, task completion parameters, participant confidence, perceived readiness to perform RARP, cognitive workload, and participant evaluation of the training pathway.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Enrollment in the CC-ERUS training course or participants attending the same robotic RARP training course at ORSI Academy outside the formal CC-ERUS curriculum at ORSI Academy during the study period
• Willingness and ability to provide informed consent for participation in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Decline or inability to provide informed consent
• Incomplete participation in the on-site training course preventing assessment on Day 5