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This study will examine how urinary incontinence affects women's daily activities and quality of life in urban and rural areas. Urinary incontinence means unintentional urine leakage. It may affect activities such as exercise, household tasks, social participation, travel, emotional well-being, and daily routines.
Women aged 18 to 65 years who have experienced urinary incontinence during the past 3 months may be eligible to participate. Participants will complete questionnaires about their health, urinary symptoms, severity of urine leakage, daily activities, and quality of life. The assessment is expected to take approximately 20 minutes.
This is an observational study. No medication, exercise program, medical procedure, or other treatment will be provided. The study will compare questionnaire results between women living in urban and rural areas. The findings may help improve understanding of how living environment and personal factors are associated with the impact of urinary incontinence.
Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine and may negatively affect women's physical activities, household responsibilities, social participation, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. The perceived impact of urinary incontinence may vary according to living environment, access to health services, socioeconomic conditions, cultural attitudes, and daily life demands.
This cross-sectional observational study aims to compare urinary incontinence severity, urinary incontinence-related quality of life, and the impact of urinary incontinence on daily activities among women living in urban and rural areas.
Women aged 18 to 65 years who report urinary incontinence within the previous 3 months will be recruited voluntarily. Participants currently receiving medical, surgical, or conservative treatment for urinary incontinence; using a urinary catheter; having communication or cooperation problems that prevent questionnaire completion; or having neurological conditions that may cause urinary incontinence will not be included.
Eligible participants will complete a sociodemographic information form, the Three Incontinence Questions, the Incontinence Severity Index, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7, and the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data will be collected face-to-face in a private setting. No intervention, treatment, medication, exercise program, or invasive procedure will be administered.
The primary purpose is to determine whether urinary incontinence severity and its effects on daily activities and quality of life differ between women living in urban and rural areas. The study will also examine the relationship between urinary incontinence-related outcomes and sociodemographic factors, including age, education level, employment status, body mass index, chronic disease status, birth history, delivery type, income level, and menopausal status.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Women With Urinary Incontinence | Women aged 18 to 65 years who live in urban areas and report urinary incontinence within the previous 3 months. Participants will complete questionnaires assessing urinary incontinence severity, urinary symptom impact, daily activities, quality of life, and sociodemographic characteristics. No intervention or treatment will be administered. |
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| Rural Women With Urinary Incontinence | Women aged 18 to 65 years who live in rural areas and report urinary incontinence within the previous 3 months. Participants will complete questionnaires assessing urinary incontinence severity, urinary symptom impact, daily activities, quality of life, and sociodemographic characteristics. No intervention or treatment will be administered. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational assessment | Other | Participants completed assessment forms and diaries. No intervention was administered. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Urinary Incontinence Severity Assessed by the Incontinence Severity Index | Urinary incontinence severity will be assessed using the Incontinence Severity Index. The score is calculated by multiplying the frequency of urinary leakage by the amount of urine leakage. Scores range from 1 to 12 and are categorized as mild (1-2), moderate (3-6), severe (8-9), or very severe (12). Higher scores indicate greater urinary incontinence severity. | Baseline (Day 1) |
| Impact of Urinary Incontinence on Daily Activities Assessed by the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 | The impact of urinary incontinence on daily activities will be assessed using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7. The questionnaire evaluates the effect of urinary incontinence on household tasks, physical activities, social activities, travel, and emotional well-being. Scores are converted to a 0 to 100 scale. Higher scores indicate a greater negative impact of urinary incontinence on daily activities. | Baseline (Day 1) |
| Urinary Incontinence-Related Quality of Life Assessed by the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire | Urinary incontinence-related quality of life will be assessed using the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire. The questionnaire includes 22 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores are transformed to a 0 to 100 scale. Higher scores indicate better urinary incontinence-related quality of life. | Baseline (Day 1) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Urinary Incontinence Symptom Severity and Impact Assessed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form | Urinary incontinence symptom severity and perceived impact on daily life will be assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. The total score ranges from 0 to 21 and is calculated from urinary leakage frequency, amount of leakage, and perceived impact on daily life. Higher scores indicate greater symptom severity and greater impact on quality of life. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Women aged 18 to 65 years who have experienced urinary incontinence within the previous 3 months are eligible to participate.
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The study population will consist of self-identified women aged 18 to 65 years living in urban or rural areas who have experienced urinary incontinence within the previous 3 months. Participants will be recruited on a voluntary basis through direct contact, announcements, and snowball sampling. Women living in urban and rural areas will be enrolled in separate cohorts, with a planned total sample size of 100 participants (50 urban and 50 rural).
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Ankara | Ankara | Ankara | 06510 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014549 | Urinary Incontinence |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014555 | Urination Disorders |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
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| Baseline (Day 1) |
| Association of Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics With Urinary Incontinence Outcomes | Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including age, body mass index, education level, employment status, income level, chronic disease status, birth history, delivery type, and menopausal status, will be recorded and examined in relation to urinary incontinence severity, daily activity impact, and quality of life. | Baseline (Day 1) |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D059411 | Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms |
| D020924 | Urological Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |