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This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted in the endoscopy unit of a private hospital between March and June 2023 to evaluate the effect of nurse-delivered counseling on pain, anxiety, and comfort levels in patients undergoing colonoscopy. Sixty patients were assigned to intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The intervention group received counseling beginning 24 hours before the procedure, including face-to-face education, telephone support, and reminder messages, while the control group received routine care. Anxiety was assessed using the State Anxiety Scale, and pain and comfort were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale.
This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted in the endoscopy unit of a private hospital between March 2023 and June 2023. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of nurse-delivered online counseling on pain, anxiety, and comfort levels in patients undergoing colonoscopy. Sixty eligible patients were assigned to either an intervention group (n=30) or a control group (n=30) using the minimization method. Patients in the intervention group received online counseling based on standard colonoscopy preparation materials beginning approximately 24 hours before the procedure, including face-to-face education, telephone support, and reminder messages. Patients in the control group received routine care only. Anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, while pain and comfort were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale. Outcome measures were collected before and after the colonoscopy procedure.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Patients receiving routine care without additional counseling | |
| Intervention | Experimental | Patients receiving nurse-delivered online counseling before colonoscopy |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Online Nursing Counseling | Other | Participants received nurse-delivered online counseling based on standard colonoscopy preparation materials. The intervention started approximately 24 hours before the procedure and included an initial face-to-face education session, followed by 24-hour telephone support and reminder messages. Participants were also able to contact the nurse for questions during this period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| State Anxiety Level | Measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (State Anxiety Scale; score range 20-80, higher scores indicate higher anxiety). | Before and after colonoscopy procedure (same day) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Level | Measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a self-reported scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. | Before and after colonoscopy procedure (same day) |
| Comfort Level |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanko University Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department | Gaziantep | Şehitkamil | 27090 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25223578 | Background | Johnson DA, Barkun AN, Cohen LB, Dominitz JA, Kaltenbach T, Martel M, Robertson DJ, Richard Boland C, Giardello FM, Lieberman DA, Levin TR, Rex DK; US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Optimizing adequacy of bowel cleansing for colonoscopy: recommendations from the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct;109(10):1528-45. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.272. Epub 2014 Sep 16. No abstract available. | |
| 32377915 |
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Individual participant data will not be publicly available due to ethical and confidentiality considerations.
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|
Measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a self-reported scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no comfort and 10 indicates maximum comfort. Higher scores indicate greater comfort. |
| Before and after colonoscopy procedure (same day) |
| Background |
| Millien VO, Mansour NM. Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy in 2020: A Look at the Past, Present, and Future. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2020 May 6;22(6):28. doi: 10.1007/s11894-020-00764-4. |
| 24454341 | Background | Shieh TY, Chen MJ, Chang CW, Hung CY, Hu KC, Kuo YC, Shih SC, Wang HY. Effect of physician-delivered patient education on the quality of bowel preparation for screening colonoscopy. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:570180. doi: 10.1155/2013/570180. Epub 2013 Dec 17. |
| 32557475 | Background | Alvarez-Gonzalez MA, Pantaleon Sanchez MA, Bernad Cabredo B, Garcia-Rodriguez A, Frago Larramona S, Nogales O, Diez Redondo P, Puig Del Castillo I, Romero Mascarell C, Caballero N, Romero Sanchez-Miguel I, Perez Berbegal R, Hernandez Negrin D, Bujedo Sadornill G, Perez Oltra A, Casals Urquiza G, Amoros Martinez J, Seoane Urgorri A, Ibanez Zafon IA, Gimeno-Garcia AZ. Educational nurse-led telephone intervention shortly before colonoscopy as a salvage strategy after previous bowel preparation failure: a multicenter randomized trial. Endoscopy. 2020 Nov;52(11):1026-1035. doi: 10.1055/a-1178-9844. Epub 2020 Jun 17. |
| 28848777 | Background | Elvas L, Brito D, Areia M, Carvalho R, Alves S, Saraiva S, Cadime AT. Impact of Personalised Patient Education on Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy: Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial. GE Port J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jan;24(1):22-30. doi: 10.1159/000450594. Epub 2016 Nov 1. |
| 27741260 | Background | Kurlander JE, Sondhi AR, Waljee AK, Menees SB, Connell CM, Schoenfeld PS, Saini SD. How Efficacious Are Patient Education Interventions to Improve Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy? A Systematic Review. PLoS One. 2016 Oct 14;11(10):e0164442. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164442. eCollection 2016. |
| 30385831 | Background | Yang C, Sriranjan V, Abou-Setta AM, Poluha W, Walker JR, Singh H. Anxiety Associated with Colonoscopy and Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: A Systematic Review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Dec;113(12):1810-1818. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0398-8. Epub 2018 Nov 1. |
| Background | Yılmaz E, Aslan A, Ergın E. Kolonoskopi Yapılacak Hastalarda Bağırsak Temizliğine Öz Etkililik Düzeylerinin Etkisi. CBU-SBED. 2018;5(4):192-198. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067010 | Literacy |
| D000072458 | Orientation, Spatial |
| D000075782 | Cell Phone Use |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003142 | Communication |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D013037 | Spatial Behavior |
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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