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The risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increased in people with HIV infection, including young patients and those with few traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The increased risk of cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV is due to accelerated atherosclerosis, caused by chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation. The measurement of coronary calcium using plain computed tomography is a subclinical indicator of coronary atherosclerosis and is associated with the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in the general population.
Therefore, the primary objective is to assess the coronary calcium score in patients with chronic retroviral infection using plain coronary CT scan. In addition to correlating coronary calcium scores with patients' clinical and biochemical variables, and determining whether the coronary calcium score influences patients' subsequent treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosed with HIV | more than 6 months since being diagnosed with HIV |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple coronary CT scan | Diagnostic Test | All patients will undergo a standard coronary CT scan to measure coronary calcium |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Coronary calcium | The result is expressed in points using the Agatston scale and indicates the level of risk:
| Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular risk | For every patient who meets the inclusion criteria, cardiovascular risk will be assessed using the Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease EVENTs (PREVENT) equations estimate 10-year and 30-year risk for total cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) and heart failure. It is classified as follows:
|
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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A multicenter study that will include patients diagnosed with HIV from three hospitals in León: the Mexican Social Security Institute (2) and CAPASITS León.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hilda E. Macias-Cervantes, PhD | Contact | +55 477 717 4800 | hildamacer@gmail.com | |
| Irma N. Rocha-Salazar, MD | Contact | +55 477 717 4800 | nohemi.slz@hotmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social | León | Guanajuato | 37320 | Mexico |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26970999 | Result | Handy CE, Desai CS, Dardari ZA, Al-Mallah MH, Miedema MD, Ouyang P, Budoff MJ, Blumenthal RS, Nasir K, Blaha MJ. The Association of Coronary Artery Calcium With Noncardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 May;9(5):568-576. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.09.020. Epub 2016 Mar 9. | |
| 18582630 |
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Because of the observational nature of the study, it will not be necessary.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000163 | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015658 | HIV Infections |
| D000086982 | Blood-Borne Infections |
| D003141 | Communicable Diseases |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| Baseline |
| Major adverse cardiovascular events | The occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events will be assessed: acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death | Through study completion, an average of 4 years. |
| Raggi P, Gongora MC, Gopal A, Callister TQ, Budoff M, Shaw LJ. Coronary artery calcium to predict all-cause mortality in elderly men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jul 1;52(1):17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.04.004. |
| 23078882 | Result | Graham G, Blaha MJ, Budoff MJ, Rivera JJ, Agatston A, Raggi P, Shaw LJ, Berman D, Rana JS, Callister T, Rumberger JA, Min J, Blumenthal RS, Nasir K. Impact of coronary artery calcification on all-cause mortality in individuals with and without hypertension. Atherosclerosis. 2012 Dec;225(2):432-7. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.014. Epub 2012 Sep 10. |
| 40199704 | Result | Suzuki T, Haberlen S, Peterson TE, Palella F, Budoff MJ, Witt MD, Magnani JW, Post WS. Coronary artery calcium and all-cause mortality in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Atherosclerosis. 2025 May;404:119181. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119181. Epub 2025 Apr 2. |
| 29967196 | Result | Shah ASV, Stelzle D, Lee KK, Beck EJ, Alam S, Clifford S, Longenecker CT, Strachan F, Bagchi S, Whiteley W, Rajagopalan S, Kottilil S, Nair H, Newby DE, McAllister DA, Mills NL. Global Burden of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Circulation. 2018 Sep 11;138(11):1100-1112. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033369. |
| D015229 |
| Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral |
| D012749 | Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
| D016180 | Lentivirus Infections |
| D012192 | Retroviridae Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D012897 | Slow Virus Diseases |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D007153 | Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |