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Background: The main speech organ that affects the pronunciation of the various vowels is the tongue. The relationships between posture and voice, and between the position of the tongue at rest and posture, have been proven, but the relationship between pronunciation and posture has not yet been proven. The rationale for examining this relationship is that the imbalance and differing loads in poor neck and head posture cause different muscular arrangements of the muscles that support the jaw, tongue, and neck, which will thus affect pronunciation.
Objectives: To examine the relationship between posture, tongue position, and the correct pronunciation in subjects with and without pronunciation disorders. In addition, to examine the effect of a muscle strengthening program on these characteristics.
Methods: The study will include two parts. The first part will be a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire to examine speech therapists' perceptions of the relationship and importance of posture and pronunciation. The second part will include a prospective interventional clinical study to examine the relationship between tongue position at rest and pronunciation, posture, and muscle strength. In addition, the effect of adding muscle-strengthening training to conventional pronunciation therapy on the process of acquiring correct pronunciation will be examined.
This study will examine the relationship between posture, tongue position, and correct pronunciation in subjects with and without pronunciation disorders. In addition, we will examine the effect of a muscle-strengthening program on these characteristics.
The first part will include an online questionnaire to examine speech therapists' perceptions of the relationship and importance of posture in speech therapy treatment.
The second part will include a prospective interventional clinical study with participants with and without pronunciation disorders. The evaluation measures will include: assessment of the pronunciation by a speech therapist, assessment of posture (mobile app), assessment of tongue position at rest and during pronunciation (observation and ultrasound), measurement of neck and upper limb muscle strength (manual dynamometer), tongue strength (digital measuring spoon), jaw closing muscle strength (Byte), breathing, and swallowing (observation).
The study group with pronunciation disorder will be divided into 2 groups: the intervention group will receive an exercise program to strengthen the neck and upper-limb muscles in addition to regular speech therapy treatments. The control group will receive the regular speech therapy treatments. The evaluation measures will be reviewed again at the end of the treatment series (up to 10 treatments).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| excercise | Experimental | will receive speech therapy treatment and, in addition, exercises for the neck and upper extremities. |
|
| Control | Active Comparator | will receive regular speech therapy treatment according to their disorder |
|
| healthy control | No Intervention | healthy control for baseline comparison, no treatment |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| speech therapy treatment | Other | regular treatment to enhance good pronunciation |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment success | number of treatments until good pronunciation is achieved | at completion of intervention - up to 10 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| neck muscle strength | flexion and side flexion neck muscle strength via hand held dynamometer. Recorded in kilograms of force (kgf) | baseline, at completion of intervention - - up to 10 weeks |
| Tongue strength |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gali Dar, PhD | Contact | +972505662054 | gdar@univ.haifa.ac.il |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013070 | Speech Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012049 | Rehabilitation of Speech and Language Disorders |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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Prospective interventional clinical study with participants with and without pronunciation disorders. Baseline examination will include all participants.
Following, the study group (with pronunciation disorder) will be divided into 2 groups: the intervention group will receive an exercise program to strengthen the neck and upper-limb muscles in addition to regular speech therapy treatments. The control group will receive the regular speech therapy treatments. The evaluation measures will be reviewed again at the end of the treatment series (up to 10 treatments).
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| speech therapy treatment and strengthening exercise |
| Other |
speech therapy treatment and strengthening exercise |
|
Tongue strength will be assessed using a digital measuring spoon. Measurements will be recorded in g/cm2
| base line, at completion of intervention - - up to 10 weeks |
| Jaw closing strength | jaw closing strength via Byte device | base line, at completion of intervention- - up to 10 weeks |
| Tongue thickness | Tongue thickness will be measured using ultrasonography. Measurements will be recorded in millimeters (cm). | base line, at completion of intervention- - up to 10 weeks |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |