Vitamin D3 Supplementation Regimens and Preeclampsia Risk

Effect of Different Dosages of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on the Risk of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women With Vitamin D Deficiency

This study is a randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups connected at Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen.

It aims to compara the effect of two different vitamin D3 supplementation regimens during pregnancy on the risk of pre-eclampsia among women with confirmed vitamin D deficiency.

Pregnant women attending antenatal care and diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency will be screened for eligibility. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups:one group receiving vitamin D3 50,000 IU every two weeks and the other group receiving vitamin D3 5,000 IU weekly,in addition to standard antenatal care.

The study will include singleton pregnancies between 8_18 weeks of gestation with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level below 25 ng /mL . Women with chronic conditions that may affect pregnancy outcomes or vitamin D metabolism will be excluded. Participants will be followed throughout pregnancy to assess the development of pre-eclampsia and other maternal and fetal outcomes.

Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with advers maternal and neonatal outcomes, including an increased risk of preeclampsia.However,the optimal dosage regimen of vitamin D3 supplementation in deficient pregnant women remains uncertain.

This randomized controlled trial will be conducted at Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, and will include pregnant women with confirmed vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two vitamin D3 supplementation regimens and followed throughout pregnancy.

The study aims to compare the effectiveness of two different vitamin D3 dosing scheduales in reducing the incidence of preeclampsia.Maternal vitamin D status and pregnancy outcomes will be assessed as secondary measures to evaluate the overall impact of supplementation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Singleton pregnancy
• Pregnant women between 8 and 18 weeks of gestation
• Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level < 25 ng/mL
• Willing and able to provide written informed consent
• Planning to receive ongoing antenatal care and deliver at Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Uncontrolled chronic hypertension
• Current use of vitamin D supplementation before enrollment
• Severe chronic kidney disease
• Pre-existing diabetes mellitus
• Autoimmune or immunological disorders
• Known fetal congenital anomalies
• Primary hyperparathyroidism
• Thyroid disease
• Use of medications that affect vitamin D or calcium metabolism
• Inability or unwillingness to comply with the study protocol or follow-up schedule