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This prospective observational cross-sectional survey study aims to investigate the relationship between impostor phenomenon and cognitive complaints in anesthesiologists, and to evaluate the role of potential confounding factors such as sleep quality, workload, anxiety, depression, and burnout in this relationship.
Anesthesiologists are required to make rapid decisions demanding high situational awareness for patient safety and clinical risk management. The Impostor Phenomenon (IP), frequently encountered among healthcare professionals, is defined as perceiving oneself as inadequate despite proven achievements, with persistent fear of being exposed as a fraud. While existing literature has detailed the association of IP with mood symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and burnout, its effect on cognitive complaints has not been sufficiently examined. This study will assess IP using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), cognitive complaints using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and sleep quality and workload using single-item subjective scales. Data will be collected anonymously via an online self-administered structured questionnaire from anesthesiologists actively working in clinical practice.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study Cohort | Anesthesiologists actively working in clinical practice, including residents, specialists, and academic staff. Data were collected via an anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire assessing the impostor phenomenon, cognitive complaints, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and workload. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Administered Questionnaire | Other | A structured online self-administered questionnaire including the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and single-item scales for sleep quality and workload. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Relationship Between Impostor Phenomenon and Cognitive Complaints | Statistical association between the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) total score and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) total score among anesthesiologists. | At the time of survey completion, up to 1 month |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Aged 18 years or older Actively working as an anesthesiologist (resident, specialist, or academic staff) Provided written informed consent Completed the survey in full
Exclusion Criteria:
Not actively working in clinical practice Refused to provide informed consent Submitted an incomplete survey
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Anesthesiologists actively working in clinical practice in Turkey, including residents, specialists, and academic staff.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Füsun Gözen, MD (Anesthesiology) | SBÜ Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye | Bursa | 16310 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39987071 | Background | Gisselbaek M, Suppan M, Saxena S, Hudelson P, Savoldelli GL. Association of impostor phenomenon and burnout among Swiss residents and junior anaesthesiologists: results of a cross-sectional survey. BMC Anesthesiol. 2025 Feb 22;25(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s12871-025-02957-8. | |
| 10720368 | Background | Gaba DM. Anaesthesiology as a model for patient safety in health care. BMJ. 2000 Mar 18;320(7237):785-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7237.785. No abstract available. |
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Individual participant data will not be shared. This is a single-center observational survey study conducted at a public hospital. Data were collected anonymously and data sharing is not planned due to institutional privacy regulations and the absence of external funding requiring data sharing.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C000711547 | imposter syndrome |
| D002055 | Burnout, Professional |
| D000077062 | Burnout, Psychological |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073397 | Occupational Stress |
| D009784 | Occupational Diseases |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
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| 31848865 | Background | Bravata DM, Watts SA, Keefer AL, Madhusudhan DK, Taylor KT, Clark DM, Nelson RS, Cokley KO, Hagg HK. Prevalence, Predictors, and Treatment of Impostor Syndrome: a Systematic Review. J Gen Intern Med. 2020 Apr;35(4):1252-1275. doi: 10.1007/s11606-019-05364-1. Epub 2019 Dec 17. |
| D001519 |
| Behavior |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |