This observational cross-sectional study aims to compare early postoperative functional capacity and kinesiophobia in patients undergoing thoracic surgery via thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Patients aged 18-75 years who underwent thoracic surgery and agreed to participate will be evaluated during the early postoperative period, after chest tube removal and before hospital discharge.

Functional capacity will be assessed using the 1-minute sit-to-stand test. Kinesiophobia will be evaluated using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Pain, dyspnea, fatigue, and coronavirus-related anxiety will also be assessed using validated scales and questionnaires. The study will investigate the relationship between kinesiophobia and postoperative functional and symptom-related outcomes.

Thoracic surgical procedures may lead to postoperative pain, reduced mobility, impaired functional capacity, and fear of movement. Thoracotomy involves opening the chest wall and is associated with greater surgical trauma, whereas video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive surgical approach performed through smaller incisions without rib spreading. VATS is generally associated with lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and earlier return to physical activity.

Kinesiophobia, defined as an excessive and irrational fear of movement or re-injury, may negatively affect postoperative recovery and rehabilitation participation. Although kinesiophobia has been widely investigated in musculoskeletal and chronic pain conditions, there is limited evidence regarding its role after thoracic surgery.

The aim of this study is to evaluate early postoperative functional capacity, kinesiophobia, and factors associated with kinesiophobia in patients undergoing thoracic surgery via thoracotomy or VATS. Eligible patients will be assessed in the early postoperative period, after removal of chest tubes and before discharge, corresponding approximately to postoperative days 2-10.

Demographic and clinical data will be recorded. Kinesiophobia will be assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Functional capacity will be evaluated using the 1-minute sit-to-stand test. Pain will be assessed using the McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire. Dyspnea and fatigue will be evaluated using the Modified Borg Scale. Coronavirus-related anxiety will be assessed using the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Undergoing thoracic surgery via thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery
• Aged between 18 and 75 years
• Volunteering to participate in the study
• Providing informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of cooperation or communication problems that prevent assessment
• History of previous thoracic surgery

Patients aged 18-75 years who underwent thoracic surgery via thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hacettepe University, and agreed to participate in the study.