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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a web and mobile-based clinical decision support and monitoring system (1B4T mobile application) on blood glucose control, medication adherence, quality of life, and self-management in patients with poorly controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
This open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 100 type 2 diabetes patients registered at primary care family health centers in Izmir, Turkey. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=50) or the control group (n=50).
At baseline and at the 3-month follow-up, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were measured for all participants. Additionally, sociodemographic characteristics, medication adherence (Modified Morisky Medication Adherence Scale), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF-TR), and diabetes self-management (Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire - DSMQ) were evaluated to assess the clinical and behavioral outcomes of the mobile health intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No Intervention | ||
| Intervention | Experimental | Participants in this arm will use the 1B4T mobile application for home blood glucose monitoring over a 3-month period. Each participant will receive a unique username and password to access their private profile on the smartphone application. Patients will record their self-measured blood glucose levels directly into the app. The digital platform allows them to monitor their historical data and view a 10-day blood glucose prediction generated by the system's clinical decision support software. The application functions strictly as a tracking and monitoring tool and does not direct, alter, or modify any medical treatment. Follow-up clinical and behavioral assessments (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, medication adherence, quality of life, and self-management scales) will be conducted at the end of the 3rd month. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smartphone Application for Blood Glucose Monitoring | Other | The intervention involves the use of the "1B4T" mobile application, a web and mobile-based clinical decision support and monitoring system developed with TUBITAK funding. Participants in the intervention group will receive a personalized username and password to log into their secure profiles on their smartphones. Patients are instructed to self-measure and log their blood glucose levels directly into the application over a 3-month period. Based on the user-entered data, the application generates and displays a 10-day blood glucose prediction, allowing patients to track their historical trends. The mobile software functions strictly as a data logging and monitoring platform for home self-management and does not provide any clinical guidance, treatment modification, or medication dosage adjustments. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | The mean change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels from baseline to the end of the 3rd month will be evaluated to assess glycemic control. HbA1c is measured as a percentage (%) to reflect the average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months. | Baseline and 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) | The mean change in fasting plasma glucose levels (measured in mg/dL) from baseline to the end of the 3rd month will be evaluated to monitor short-term glycemic variations between the groups. | Baseline and 3 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dokuz Eylul University | Izmir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Individual participant data (IPD) will not be publicly available to protect participant confidentiality and comply with institutional review board (IRB) restrictions. However, de-identified IPD underlying the results reported in future publications may be shared with qualified researchers upon a reasonable and scientifically sound request. Data access requires a formal proposal outlining the study's specific aims, approval from the principal investigator and the relevant ethics committee, and the execution of a formal data use agreement. Requests should be directed to the principal investigator.
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|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001786 | Blood Glucose |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005947 | Glucose |
| D006601 | Hexoses |
| D009005 | Monosaccharides |
| D000073893 | Sugars |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
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