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Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have visual problems that add difficulty to social interaction and communication. This study implemented a visual rehabilitation program to improve visual function and functional use of visual information in children with ASD and co-occurring visual difficulties. After the program, children showed improved visual abilities, eye contact, and attention during shared activities. The study also confirmed that the Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS) is a practical and reliable tool for tracking these improvements. Overall, the results suggest that helping children with ASD improve their vision may also support their social and communication development.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visual Rehabilitation | Experimental | Participants received an individualized visual rehabilitation program that included PowerPoint-based visual training games and visual perceptual activities. The program was delivered in weekly one-on-one sessions of 1 hr over a 10-week period. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual Rehabilitation | Behavioral | Participants received an individualized visual rehabilitation program that included PowerPoint-based visual training games and visual perceptual activities. The program was delivered in weekly one-on-one sessions of 1 hr over a 10-week period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Function Battery for Children with Special Needs, VFB-CSN | The VFB-CSN is a standardized observable measure of visual function for children with special needs. The VFB-CSN can assess eight visual functions: Visual Reflex, Ocular Muscle Balance/ Imbalance, Visual Acuity, Oculomotor, Visual Field, Contrast Sensitivity, Color/ Form Vision, and Visual Attention. The highest possible total score is 60. The VFB-CSN has shown excellent inter-rater reliability and good ecological validity. | Measured at baseline (within 2 weeks prior to the intervention) and post-intervention (within 2 weeks after completion of the program). |
| Early Social Communication Scales, ESCS | The ESCS is a standardized video coding measure of social communication skills for children with a language developmental age between 8 and 30 months. The ESCS can assess three domains: Joint Attention, Behavioral Request, and Social Interaction. The ESCS has no total score or scoring ceiling; most of the behaviors are documented as counts. The ESCS demonstrates excellent to moderate inter-rater reliability and good construct validity. | Measured at baseline (within 2 weeks prior to the intervention) and post-intervention (within 2 weeks after completion of the program). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
• Moderate to severe intellectual disability
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, School of Occupational Therapy | Taipei | 100 | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| D003142 | Communication |
| D014786 | Vision Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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|
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |