Sensorimotor training Participants of this group will be given task-specific training (reaching and walking activities), sensory stimulation training (tactile and proprioceptive activities), balance and postural control training (single leg stance and balance board training), and bilateral training (active recovery such as slow walking and light movements, constraint-induced movement therapy including mirror therapy), as well as practice of functional activities of daily living (bathing, combing, and eating with utensils).

(19)

Participants in this group will be given whole body vibration therapy including standing while vibrating (feet shoulder width apart and knees slightly bent on whole body vibrator), mini squats performed while vibrating, seated or assisted vibration (participants will sit on a chair or cushion placed on the platform and receives vibration therapy), upper body training while vibrating (participants will perform task-oriented upper limb exercises along with vibration therapy). The frequency of vibration for lower limb will be 11-z.(20)

Component Frequency Intensity Time (minutes) Type Task- specific training 3 times per week Low to moderate 5 minutes Participants will perform reaching and walking activities. Sensory stimulation) 3 times/week Low to moderate 5 minutes Tactile and proprioceptive activities will be performed on participants. Balance/pos ture control 3 times/week Low to moderate 5 minutes Single leg stance and balance board training will be given to the patients.

Bilateral training 3 times per week Low to moderate

5 minutes Active recovery (slow walking/light movement) exercises will be guided to the participants. Constraint- Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT)

3 times/week

Low to Moderate

5 minutes

Participants will involve in Mirror therapy.

Functional activities (ADLs)

3 times per week

Low to moderate

5 minutes Participants will perform functional activities like combing hair, pouring water, Eating with utensils, folding towels or clothes.

The Falls Efficacy Scale International is a measure of fear of falling or concerns about falling, developed as part of the Prevention of Falls Network Europe project between 2003 and 2006. It is a 16-item questionnaire, useful for researchers and clinicians interested in assessing fear of falling. The total score ranges from 16-64, with levels of concern classified as follows: Low Concern (16-19), indicating minimal concern about falling when engaging in daily activities; Moderate Concern (20-27), indicating a moderate level of concern and worry about falling during activities; and High Concern (28-64), reflecting a high level of fear and anxiety about falling during activities.(18)

Berg Balance Scale:

The Berg Balance Scale is a widely used clinical tool to assess a person's static and dynamic balance abilities. It is a 14-item assessment scale that evaluates balance during various tasks. The Berg Balance scale is used to determine fall risk, predict length of stay in rehabilitation, and track progress in individuals with balance impairments (15) Cut-off scores for the elderly were reported by Berg et al. (1992). In this scale, a score of 56 indicates functional balance, a score of < 45 indicates a greater risk of falling, and a score of ≤ 49 indicates a risk of falls in individuals with stroke. (16) Studies of various elderly populations (N = 31-101, 60-90+ years of age) have shown high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability (ICC = .98, 14,15), a ratio of variability among subjects to total of .96-1.0 (16), and rs =

.88 (17). Test-retest reliability in 22 people with hemiparesis is also high (ICC [2,1] = .98) (17)