The Effect of Esketamine on Cough Reflex During Tracheal Extubation in Patients Undergoing Non-inflatable Transoral Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery

The Effect of Esketamine on Cough Reflex During Tracheal Extubation in Patients Undergoing Non-inflatable Transoral Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study.

This study intends to implement esketamine-assisted anesthesia in patients undergoing non-inflatable transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy through a prospective randomized controlled trial, in order to observe the effect of esketamine on coughing during extubation in thyroidectomy patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients scheduled for endotracheal intubation-free thyroid surgery under oral endoscopy
• ASA class I-II
• Voluntarily participate in the study and sign the informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

• Body Mass Index > 30 kg/m²
• Patients with unstable ischemic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, poorly controlled or untreated hypertension (arterial hypertension, resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure >180/100 mmHg)
• Hepatic or renal dysfunction
• History of oral, maxillofacial, neck, or airway surgery, or pathological structural alterations
• Respiratory diseases (COPD, asthma, inflammation, chronic cough)
• Patients with elevated intracranial pressure
• Patients undergoing repeat surgery
• History of allergy to the investigational drug used in the study
• Patients with psychiatric disorders or alcohol abuse (daily ethanol intake ≥40 g, or having experienced alcohol withdrawal within the past 6 months, or unable to control alcohol consumption)