Nutrition Counseling, Diet Quality, and Advanced Glycation End Products in Gestational Diabetes

The Relationship Between Nutrition Counseling in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Diet Quality and Advanced Glycation End Products

This study will evaluate the relationship between structured nutrition counseling, diet quality, and advanced glycation end products in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and women with normal glucose tolerance. Participants will be assigned to either a structured nutrition counseling group or a standard care group according to glucose tolerance status. The counseling program will include education and follow-up on healthy eating during pregnancy, gestational diabetes management, portion control, food choices, meal planning, and cooking methods. Diet quality, dietary habits, biochemical parameters, advanced glycation end products, gestational weight gain, and fetal outcomes will be assessed during follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant women aged 18 to 35 years
• Singleton and first pregnancy
• Gestational age between 24 and 28 weeks at enrollment
• Diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus or normal glucose tolerance
• Not using insulin therapy
• Stopped smoking at least 3 months before enrollment and not using alcohol
• Willingness to participate in the study
• Ability to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current use of insulin therapy
• Active smoking
• Alcohol use
• Refusal or inability to provide written informed consent