This study aims to compare the effectiveness of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and computer-controlled digital anesthesia in achieving adequate anesthesia in pediatric patients presenting with acute dental pain and requiring emergency endodontic treatment of mandibular permanent molars. Achieving profound anesthesia in such cases can be challenging due to acute inflammation.

Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either conventional IANB or digital anesthesia. Pain perception during the procedure will be assessed using validated pain scales. In addition, physiological parameters including heart rate and blood pressure will be recorded to evaluate the stress response associated with each anesthesia technique. Anesthesia success will be determined based on the absence of pain during treatment and the need for supplemental anesthesia.

The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence-based guidance for selecting the most effective and comfortable anesthesia technique in pediatric dental patients.

Achieving effective local anesthesia in pediatric patients presenting with acute dental pain remains a significant clinical challenge, particularly in mandibular permanent molars requiring emergency endodontic treatment. The success of conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) may be reduced in the presence of acute inflammation, leading to inadequate pain control and increased patient anxiety.

Computer-controlled digital anesthesia systems have been introduced as an alternative technique that allows for a more controlled and consistent delivery of local anesthetic solution. This may improve both patient comfort and the success of anesthesia.

The aim of this randomized clinical study is to compare the effectiveness of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and computer-controlled digital anesthesia in pediatric patients with acute dental pain requiring emergency endodontic treatment of mandibular permanent molars.

Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups: the IANB group and the digital anesthesia group. All procedures will be performed under standardized clinical conditions. Pain perception during anesthesia administration and treatment will be evaluated using validated pain assessment scales.

In addition to subjective pain evaluation, physiological parameters including heart rate and blood pressure will be recorded to assess the stress response associated with each anesthesia technique. Anesthesia success will be determined based on the absence of pain during treatment and the need for supplemental anesthesia.

The results of this study are expected to provide clinically relevant evidence regarding the most effective and comfortable anesthesia technique for pediatric patients, thereby improving treatment outcomes and patient experience.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children aged 6-14 years
• Patients presenting with acute dental pain
• Patients requiring emergency endodontic treatment in mandibular permanent molars
• Cooperative patients who allowed clinical procedures
• Patients whose parents/legal guardians provided informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with systemic diseases affecting pain perception
• Patients with known allergy to local anesthetic agents
• Patients who used analgesics within 12 hours before treatment
• Patients with non-restorable teeth
• Patients with a history of behavioral management problems preventing treatment