Evaluate the effect of TECAR therapy combined with traditional physiotherapy on pain, balance, and quality of life in elderly men with knee osteoarthritis .

Eighty elderly men diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis will be recruited from physical therapy and orthopedic outpatient clinics. Following a baseline screening, patients will be randomly assigned into two parallel groups:

The Study Group: Will include 40 men participating in true TECAR therapy plus a standardized traditional physiotherapy program for 8 weeks.

The Control Group: Will include 40 men participating in sham TECAR therapy plus the same traditional physiotherapy program for 8 weeks.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical and radiographic diagnosis of mild and moderate bilateral or unilateral knee osteoarthritis meeting the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.
• Presence of chronic knee pain lasting for more than 6 months.
• Ability to ambulate independently with or without an assistive device.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe knee osteoarthritis (grade IV) requiring imminent surgical joint replacement.
• History of previous knee arthroplasty, internal fixation, or significant trauma to the affected lower extremity.
• Presence of pacemakers, metallic implants in the knee region, or severe. - peripheral vascular disease (absolute contraindications for TECAR therapy).
• Intra-articular injections (corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma, or hyaluronic acid) into the knee within the past 3 months.
• Cognitive impairment or systemic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis).

Only males are accepted