The Influence of Anatomical Characteristics and Orthodontic Force on Pulpal Oxygen Saturation: A Clinical Study Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

The Influence of Anatomical Characteristics and Orthodontic Force on Pulpal Oxygen Saturation: A Clinical Study Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

The primary objective of this clinical protocol is to evaluate the physiological responses of dental tissues during active orthodontic treatment. By focusing on standardized force application and precise pulp vitality monitoring, this study aims to ensure both treatment efficacy and patient safety. The clinical intervention is strictly divided into two systematic procedures:Orthodontic Force Application: Orthodontic force is exerted in strict compliance with the established standard treatment protocol. A continuous force of approximately 150g is applied to the target teeth and precisely calibrated using a specialized tension gauge.Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) Measurement: To guarantee optimal data accuracy, the target teeth are completely isolated using cotton rolls to manage moisture. The dental chair light is turned off during the procedure to eliminate any ambient optical interference with the sensor. Measurements are performed three times consecutively, and the arithmetic mean is calculated as the final representative value.In conclusion, this dual-step protocol provides a rigorous and reproducible framework for orthodontic research. The combination of controlled mechanical loading and standardized SpO2 monitoring minimizes external variables, thereby enhancing the reliability of the clinical outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged between 15 and 35 years old.
• Patients undergoing routine fixed orthodontic treatment with indications for premolar extractions and subsequent canine retraction phase.
• Target canines must be vital with healthy dental pulp and no periapical pathology.
• Pre-existing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of acceptable diagnostic quality available in the patient's records, taken prior to the canine retraction phase.
• Patient or legal guardian provides written informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Target canines with a history of dental trauma, extensive caries, periodontal disease, or previous endodontic treatment.
• Patients with systemic diseases affecting peripheral blood circulation or microvasculature (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, severe anemia, diabetes, chronic respiratory conditions).
• Patients currently using systemic vasoconstrictors or anti-inflammatory medications during the active monitoring period.
• Pregnancy or lactation.
• Refusal to sign the informed consent form.