Aortic stenosis is a condition in which the aortic valve becomes narrow and does not open properly, making it harder for the heart to pump blood to the body. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive procedure commonly used to treat this condition, especially in older patients or patients at high surgical risk.

Many patients undergoing TAVI also have leakage of the mitral valve and/or tricuspid valve. These valve problems can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, heart failure, and repeated hospitalizations. Patients with multiple valve diseases generally have worse outcomes and are more difficult to treat.

In some patients, mitral or tricuspid valve leakage improves after TAVI because the heart works better once the aortic valve has been treated. However, in other patients, the leakage remains severe and continues to affect their health and quality of life. New minimally invasive treatments are now available to repair or replace the mitral and tricuspid valves, but doctors still do not know the best order or timing for these procedures.

This study aims to evaluate a treatment algorithm for patients with severe aortic stenosis and significant mitral and/or tricuspid valve leakage. The proposed approach follows current clinical guidelines and uses a stepwise strategy. Patients will first undergo TAVI, followed by reassessment of the mitral and tricuspid valves. If important valve leakage persists after TAVI, additional minimally invasive procedures may be considered to treat the mitral or tricuspid valve.

The study will include patients with severe aortic stenosis and moderate-to-severe or severe mitral and/or tricuspid regurgitation. Researchers will collect information about patient symptoms, heart imaging results, procedures, hospitalizations, quality of life, and clinical outcomes during follow-up.

The main goal of the study is to evaluate whether this staged treatment approach is safe, feasible, and effective in improving patient outcomes. Researchers will also assess whether the strategy can reduce hospitalizations for heart failure and improve symptoms, daily functioning, and quality of life.

The results of this study may help doctors better manage patients with multiple valve diseases and provide a more personalized and structured treatment approach for this complex group of patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age >18 years.
• Patients with severe AS undergoing transarterial TAVI.
• Concomitant significant MR and/or TR (≥3+).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Life expectancy <1 year due to noncardiac conditions.
• Any prior mitral or tricuspid valve surgery.
• Echocardiographic evidence of intracardiac mass, thrombus, or vegetation.
• Active endocarditis.
• Subjects in whom transesophageal echocardiography is contraindicated or high risk.

The study population will consist of adult patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) who also present with significant concomitant mitral regurgitation and/or tricuspid regurgitation. The study will mainly include elderly patients and patients considered at intermediate, high, or prohibitive surgical risk for conventional open-heart surgery.

Eligible participants will have moderate-to-severe or severe mitral and/or tricuspid valve regurgitation identified by echocardiography before TAVI. Patients will be evaluated and treated according to a staged transcatheter treatment algorithm based on current clinical guidelines and the evolution of valve disease following TAVI.

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be publicly shared due to patient confidentiality and privacy considerations, as well as institutional and ethical restrictions governing the use of clinical research data.