The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) changes levels of immune markers in healthy volunteers. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does OMT change numbers of white blood cells or antibodies? Does OMT change levels of cytokines?

Researchers will compare volunteers treated with OMT to volunteers undergoing sham treatment to see if OMT changes levels of immune markers.

Participants will:

• complete a survey about their medical history to determine if they are healthy enough for OMT
• have blood drawn
• undergo either sham treatment or OMT
• have blood drawn 30 minutes after treatment

Inclusion Criteria:

• subjects are healthy; have independently read, understood, and without coercion signed the consent form; agree to allow for samples to be taken; agree to fill out all the documentation and surveys; and identifies as any race(s), ethnicity(ies), and/or gender(s)

Exclusion Criteria:

• subjects present at initial visit with a fever greater than 100.5 °F; have participated in a clinical trial within the last 6 months; work night shifts; who are immunocompromised including: HIV+, have had cancers, or are pregnant or nursing; have current bone fractures of the head and neck; history of osteoporosis, acute hepatitis, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, trauma to the liver or spleen, surgery in the past 6 months or necrotizing fasciitis. Other relative contraindications to receiving OMT include doderate to severe cardiac conditions, moderate to severe congestive heart failure, infectious mononucleosis, chronic abscesses or osteomyelitis, coagulopathies or patients on anticoagulants, COPD, and acute indurated lymph node

IPD sharing was not part of patients informed consent