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Cervical cancer is a highly preventable public health issue that significantly impacts women's quality of life. Although effective screening programs such as Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) testing and Pap-smears are widely available, women's participation in these early detection services often remains limited. The primary barriers to screening attendance include insufficient education, lack of information, negative beliefs, psychosocial or cultural factors, and misconceptions regarding gynecological examinations. To improve screening uptake, health interventions must focus not only on increasing knowledge but also on promoting correct beliefs and positive attitudes toward testing.
Web-based health education serves as an effective method to overcome barriers such as cost, transportation difficulties, and geographical limitations, allowing wider access to healthcare guidance. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a specialized web-based educational intervention on women's attitudes and beliefs regarding the HPV test. The research is designed as a randomized controlled trial with a pre-test and post-test design. Participants will be assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive structured health education through a dedicated web platform, while the control group will receive routine standard follow-up. Data will be gathered using a specific attitude and belief scale before and after the application to measure the intervention's impact.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will receive access to the web-based health education platform developed for the study. |
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| control group | No Intervention | Participants in this group will receive standard routine follow-up during the study. After the completion of the study data collection, the web-based health education platform will also be made accessible to this group. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Web-Based Health Education | Behavioral | Participants in the intervention group will receive health education through a specially designed web-based platform containing 11 presentations in total (8 PowerPoint presentations, 1 animation video explaining how the HPV test is performed, and 1 researcher-led instructional video demonstrating self-vulvar examination on a model). Participants will also be provided with educational brochures and magnets. For participants who do not view the presentations, weekly reminder text messages will be sent to encourage platform login and module completion. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Attitudes and Beliefs About HPV Testing Scale (ABHTS) - Personal Barriers Subscale | This subscale consists of 7 items (items 1-7) assessing personal barriers, stigma, and shame related to HPV testing. Scores range from 7 to 49. A higher score indicates a higher level of perceived personal barriers, meaning a less favorable attitude toward HPV testing. | Baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention |
| Attitudes and Beliefs About HPV Testing Scale (ABHTS) - Social Norms Subscale | This subscale consists of 4 items (items 8-11) assessing the influence of friends, partners, family, and social media on HPV testing. Scores range from 4 to 28. A higher score indicates higher negative social pressure/barriers, meaning a lower level of favorable attitudes and beliefs | Baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention |
| Attitudes and Beliefs About HPV Testing Scale (ABHTS) - Trust Subscale | This subscale consists of 6 items (items 12-17) assessing trust in the healthcare system, accuracy of HPV testing, and medical procedures. Scores range from 6 to 42. A higher score indicates higher levels of perceived benefit, confidence, and trust toward HPV testing. | Baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention |
| Attitudes and Beliefs About HPV Testing Scale (ABHTS) - Concerns Subscale | This subscale consists of 3 items (items 18-20) assessing concerns and worries related to the process and outcomes of HPV testing. Scores range from 3 to 21. A higher score indicates higher levels of concerns/negative attitudes toward HPV testing. | Baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Criteria for Study Discontinuation / Drop-out:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERVE İÇÖZ, Phd Student, Msc Midwife | Contact | +905072094020 | merve.icoz@ogr.sakarya.edu.tr | |
| ZEKİYE TURAN, Phd, Associate Professor | Contact | +905055376788 | zekiyeturan@sakarya.edu.tr |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| ZEKİYE TURAN, Phd, Associate Professor | Sakarya University Faculty of Health Sciences | Study Chair |
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Individual participant data will not be shared to ensure and maintain participant confidentiality in accordance with the institutional ethics committee approval and local data protection regulations.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002583 | Uterine Cervical Neoplasms |
| D006266 | Health Education |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014594 | Uterine Neoplasms |
| D005833 | Genital Neoplasms, Female |
| D014565 | Urogenital Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
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Participants will be stratified by age and randomly assigned using block randomization to either the intervention group, which receives web-based health education, or the control group, which receives standard follow-up without education.
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|
| D009369 |
| Neoplasms |
| D002577 | Uterine Cervical Diseases |
| D014591 | Uterine Diseases |
| D005831 | Genital Diseases, Female |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000099060 | Adherence Interventions |
| D055118 | Medication Adherence |
| D010349 | Patient Compliance |
| D010342 | Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |