This single-center, prospective, observational cohort study aims to evaluate the clinical application value of multi-modal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

While traditional imaging methods have limitations in fully evaluating myocardial tissue characteristics, multi-modal CMR offers a comprehensive, non-invasive "one-stop" assessment. It can simultaneously evaluate heart structure, function, tissue features (such as fibrosis and edema), and hemodynamics.

The study plans to enroll patients with suspected or confirmed CVD. Participants will undergo a comprehensive multi-modal CMR scan (including Cine, T1/T2 mapping, Late Gadolinium Enhancement, and 4D flow sequences) as part of their evaluation. By tracking clinical outcomes, the study seeks to establish a standardized imaging assessment system to improve the early detection, accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognostic prediction for various types of cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of global mortality and disability. Accurate and early assessment of cardiac structure, function, and myocardial tissue characteristics is crucial for optimal clinical management. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) has evolved from single morphological imaging into advanced multi-modal imaging. By integrating Cine, Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE), T1/T2 mapping, and 4D flow techniques, multi-modal CMR serves as a "gold standard" that provides a comprehensive macroscopic and cellular-level evaluation, including the identification of myocardial fibrosis, edema, and complex hemodynamic alterations.

Despite its clinical potential, systematic research comparing the diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value of multi-modal CMR features across a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (such as ischemic heart disease, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, and valvular diseases) is still lacking.

This prospective, observational registry study is designed to address this gap by establishing a large-scale, standardized CMR imaging database. Approximately 2,000 patients with clinically suspected or confirmed CVD will be consecutively enrolled. Following routine clinical care pathways, participants will undergo a "one-stop" multi-modal CMR examination using 3.0T MRI scanners. The investigators will systematically collect baseline imaging parameters and perform long-term clinical follow-up.

The primary objectives are to: 1) systematically delineate the imaging feature spectrum across different CVD subtypes; 2) assess the sensitivity of hemodynamic and tissue-characterization parameters (especially T1 mapping and extracellular volume [ECV]) in detecting early cardiac damage; and 3) explore the correlation between multi-modal CMR parameters and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during the follow-up period. Ultimately, this study aims to provide robust, evidence-based support for precision diagnosis and risk stratification in cardiovascular medicine.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged 18 years and older, with no gender restrictions.

Clinically suspected or confirmed cardiovascular disease (including but not limited to ischemic heart disease, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, valvular disease, etc.), requiring a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination to determine the etiology or evaluate myocardial tissue characteristics.

No contraindications to magnetic resonance examination, and able to cooperate with breath-holding instructions.

Voluntarily participate in this study and sign a written informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Absolute contraindications: Implantation of non-MRI compatible metallic foreign bodies (e.g., old pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators [ICD], aneurysm clips, etc.).

Relative contraindications: Severe claustrophobia, unable to complete the examination despite communication.

Severe renal insufficiency.

Special populations: Pregnant or lactating women.

Presence of severe arrhythmias (e.g., persistent atrial fibrillation) leading to severely impaired magnetic resonance signal acquisition, rendering the image quality inadequate for diagnosis.

Poor expected compliance: Unable to complete follow-up, or deemed unsuitable for enrollment by the investigator for other reasons.

The study population consists of consecutive adult patients (aged 18 years and older) who are clinically suspected or confirmed to have cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including but not limited to ischemic heart disease, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and valvular heart disease. These participants are enrolled from the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine. They are patients who are scheduled to undergo a multi-modal cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination as part of their clinical evaluation to determine disease etiology or assess myocardial tissue characteristics.

The individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because of current institutional policies and national data security regulations regarding the protection of patient privacy and human genetic resources. The data contains sensitive medical imaging information that is restricted from being transferred or shared outside the participating institution without specific governmental and ethical approvals.