Participants in this group undergo unilateral transpedicular percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for single-segment acute lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Based on the newly proposed pedicle nine-grid zoning theory, surgeons identify the optimal puncture surface and puncture site under C-arm fluoroscopy guidance. Except for the standardized nine-grid puncture positioning method, all other intraoperative operations, perioperative management, and postoperative treatment are completely consistent with the control group. All subjects receive unified preoperative baseline evaluation, standardized intraoperative data collection, and regular postoperative follow-up up to 1 year after surgery.

Participants in this group receive conventional unilateral transpedicular PVP for single-segment acute lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The traditional classic puncture positioning standard is adopted, with the ideal pedicle puncture point located at the "10 o'clock (left) and 2 o'clock (right)" projection position. Surgeons adjust the puncture needle position repeatedly under intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy to reach the ideal puncture endpoint. Perioperative nursing, surgical operation specifications, postoperative rehabilitation guidance and follow-up schedule are identical to those of the experimental group to ensure consistent baseline conditions of the two groups.

This intervention applies a novel pedicle nine-grid zoning technique for puncture positioning during unilateral transpedicular PVP. Under intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy, the vertebral pedicle projection is divided into a nine-grid area to determine the optimal bony puncture surface and accurate puncture entry point, replacing the traditional fixed puncture site. The standardized zoning positioning reduces repeated needle adjustment. All other surgical procedures including routine disinfection, anesthesia, needle insertion depth adjustment, bone cement mixing and injection, and incision suture follow standard PVP protocols. Perioperative management and 1-year systematic postoperative follow-up are performed uniformly.

The number and proportion of patients who achieve the standardized ideal puncture endpoint during operation. Ideal endpoint is defined as the puncture needle reaches the anterior 1/3 of the vertebral body on lateral fluoroscopy and locates at the vertebral midline on anteroposterior fluoroscopy, with qualified pedicle channel positioning.

Total intraoperative operation time, defined as the time from surgical positioning start to complete incision suture, used to evaluate intraoperative operation efficiency.

The number and proportion of patients with intraoperative or immediate postoperative bone cement leakage detected by C-arm fluoroscopy, and the classification of leakage types, to evaluate surgical safety.