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This study aims to investigate the effects of a 4-week altitude training program on adolescent male rowers. The research will examine changes in athletic performance, athletic body composition, athletic cardiac function, athletic pulmonary function, and selected blood markers. Participants will be stratified by biological maturation based on peak height velocity to explore whether maturity influences athletic training adaptations. Measurements will include non-invasive assessments of athletic performance, athletic body composition, athletic heart and lung function, as well as venous blood sampling for hematological markers. The study intends to provide evidence for optimizing high-altitude training strategies in youth rowing.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Post-PHV group | Experimental | Participants in the Post-PHV group are adolescent male rowers stratified by biological maturation (PHV offset). They will undergo the same 4-week high-altitude training program, including aerobic, anaerobic, and sport-specific rowing exercises. Pre- and post-training measurements of athletic performance, athletic body composition, athletic cardiac and pulmonary function, and hematological markers will be collected. |
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| Mid-PHV group | Experimental | Participants in the Post-PHV group are adolescent male rowers stratified by biological maturation (PHV offset). They will undergo the same 4-week high-altitude training program, including aerobic, anaerobic, and sport-specific rowing exercises. Pre- and post-training measurements of athletic performance, athletic body composition, athletic cardiac and pulmonary function, and hematological markers will be collected. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-Week Altitude Training | Behavioral | Participants undergo a 4-week altitude training program, including aerobic, anaerobic, and sport-specific rowing exercises. Both Post-PHV and Mid-PHV groups receive the same training protocol. Pre- and post-training assessments include athletic performance, athletic body composition, athletic cardiac and pulmonary function, and hematological markers. Participants are stratified by biological maturation (PHV offset) to explore whether maturity influences training adaptations. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Peak Power During Wingate Test | Peak power measured during the Wingate anaerobic test before and after the intervention. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Maximal Oxygen Uptake | Pre- and post-intervention measurement of VOâ‚‚max using standard exercise testing protocol to assess aerobic capacity in adolescent male rowers. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Mean Power Output During 1500 m Rowing Test | Mean power output measured during the 1500 m rowing ergometer test before and after the intervention. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Body Weight | Body weight measured before and after the training period. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Body Fat Percentage | Body fat percentage measured using bioelectrical impedance or other validated method. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) | Forced vital capacity measured using spirometry before and after the intervention. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Maximal Voluntary Ventilation | MVV measured using standard pulmonary function testing protocol pre- and post-intervention. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle Mass | Skeletal muscle mass measured pre- and post-training. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Red Blood Cell Count | RBC count measured from venous blood samples pre- and post-intervention. |
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Inclusion Criteria:Male adolescent rowers aged 12-19 years Regularly training and participating in competitive rowing Willing to participate in 4-week altitude training program and follow testing protocol -
Exclusion Criteria:Any cardiovascular, respiratory, hematologic, or musculoskeletal disorders Injury or illness preventing participation in high-intensity rowing training Participation in another high-altitude training program within the last 3 months Any medical contraindication to blood sampling
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ziyue Ou | Contact | +853 8591 2000 | research_ethics@ipm.edu.mo |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Macao Polytechnic University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports | Recruiting | Macao | Macao | China |
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| Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Left Ventricular Volume | Echocardiography measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Ejection Fraction | Echocardiography assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction pre- and post-training. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Myocardial Thickness | Measurement of interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall thickness by echocardiography. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Hemoglobin | Hemoglobin concentration measured from venous blood samples. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Hematocrit | Hematocrit levels measured pre- and post-training. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |
| Erythropoietin | Plasma EPO concentration measured from venous blood samples. | Pre-training and immediately post 4-week altitude training |