Two Different Endoscopic Treatments for Rectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Retrospective Comparative Study of Two Different Endoscopic Treatments for Rectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

The aim is to compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) versus endoscopic partial muscle resection（ EPMR） for the treatment of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (R-NENs), thereby providing guidance for optimizing therapeutic strategies. The investigators retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with R-NENs who underwent endoscopic resection at our center between January 2020 and February 2026. Patients were assigned to either the ESD group or the EPMR group. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared, including the number of lesions, maximum lesion diameter, single-lesion procedure time, postoperative complications, positive margin rate, pathological staging, lymphovascular invasion, and the need for additional therapies.

The investigators compared the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) versus endoscopic partial muscle resection（ EPMR） for the treatment of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (R-NENs), thereby providing guidance for optimizing therapeutic strategies. The investigators retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with R-NENs who underwent endoscopic resection at our center between January 2020 and February 2026. Patients were assigned to either the ESD group or the EID group. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared, including the number of lesions, maximum lesion diameter, single-lesion procedure time, postoperative complications, positive margin rate, pathological staging, lymphovascular invasion, and the need for additional therapies. Through this comparative analysis, The investigators would identify the optimal endoscopic technique for treating rectal neuroendocrine tumors.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing endoscopic treatment for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms.
• Lesion diameter less than 2 cm.
• Preoperative auxiliary examinations indicating no peripheral lymph node or distant metastasis.
• Endoscopic surgical approach limited to ESD or EPMR.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Use of non-ESD or non-EPMR endoscopic techniques, such as ligation-assisted resection or Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR).
• Presence of other conditions deemed by the investigator to be unsuitable for participation in this study.
• Patient or family refusal to participate.