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Different full-coverage crown materials are widely used in pediatric dentistry for the restoration of primary teeth with extensive substance loss. Since these restorations remain in close contact with gingival tissues for prolonged periods, they may influence periodontal health depending on their surface characteristics, marginal adaptation, and biological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of stainless steel crowns (SSC), prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZC), and fiber-glass crowns (FGC) on periodontal health in children using both clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers, including IL-1β and MMP-8, within a split-mouth study design.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Teeth diagnosed with an indication for full coronal restoration and treated with stainless steel crown. |
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| Group 2 | Teeth diagnosed with an indication for full coronal restoration and treated with prefabricated zirconia crown. |
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| Group 3 | Teeth diagnosed with an indication for full coronal restoration and treated with fiber glass crown. |
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| Group 4 | Healthy primary molars (control group) |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical periodontal assessments, GCF measurements and sample collection | Other | Clinical periodontal assessments were carried out for all participants at baseline (T0), as well as during the third-month (T1) and sixth-month (T2) follow-up visits. The clinical periodontal status was assessed with the probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). For each patient, GCF measurements and sample collection were performed at baseline (T0), as well as during the third-month (T1) and sixth-month (T2) visits. MMP-8 and IL-1β analyses were performed on GCF samples by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| assessment of probing pocket depth (PPD) | probing pocket depth (PPD) was measured the distance between the gingival margin and the deepest point of the sulcus. PPD was evaluated from six surfaces (mesiobuccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual/mesiopalatal, midlingual/midpalatal, and distolingual/distopalatal) of the teeth. The measurements were done utilizing a Williams periodontal probe. | From beginning to the end of treatment at 6 months |
| assessment of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) | MMP-8 was performed on GCF samples by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the Medical Biochemistry Research and Application Laboratory of the Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine. Twenty-four hours before the assay procedure, the eppendorf tubes were removed from the deep freezer and allowed to thaw progressively at -20 °C followed by +4 °C. Prior to analysis, both the samples and assay reagents were equilibrated to room temperature (18-25 °C). Each GCF specimen was analyzed individually without combining the samples. The results were expressed in ng/mL (MMP-8). | in the sixth month (after sample collection was complete) |
| Assessment of bleeding on probing (BOP) | Bleeding on probing (BOP) scores were obtained from four surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal/lingual) of the primary second molars. The measurements were done utilizing a Williams periodontal probe. | From beginning to the end of treatment at 6 months |
| Assessment of plaque index (PI) | Plaque index (PI) scores were obtained from four surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal/lingual) of the primary second molars. The measurements were done utilizing a Williams periodontal probe. | From beginning to the end of treatment at 6 months |
| Assessment of Gingival index (GI) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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children who applied for the dental treatment to the Faculty of Dentistry in Rize
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sema Aydinoglu | Rize | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013048 | Specimen Handling |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019411 | Clinical Laboratory Techniques |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
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gingival crevicular fluid of participants was retained.
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Gingival index (GI) scores were obtained from four surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal/lingual) of the primary second molars. The measurements were done utilizing a Williams periodontal probe. |
| From beginning to the end of treatment at 6 months |
| Assessment of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) | In GCF samples taken from patients, IL-1β level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer's instructions at the Medical Biochemistry Research and Application Laboratory of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine. Twenty-four hours before the assay procedure, the eppendorf tubes were removed from the deep freezer and allowed to thaw progressively at -20 °C followed by +4 °C. Prior to analysis, both the samples and assay reagents were equilibrated to room temperature (18-25 °C). Each GCF specimen was analyzed individually without combining the samples. The results were expressed in pg/mL (IL-1β). | in the sixth month (after sample collection was complete) |