The goal of this observational study is to assess the prevalence of postpartum depression and analyze its relationship with body image dissatisfaction, self-objectification, and social media appearance comparison in postpartum women seeking care at the Obstetrics Department.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

What is the current status of postpartum depression, body image dissatisfaction, and self-objectification in this population? How do body image dissatisfaction, self-objectification, and appearance-related social media comparison correlate with postpartum depression? Participants will answer online survey questions about their psychological status and social media usage.

This cross-sectional study will be conducted using a questionnaire survey methodology. A self-designed general information questionnaire will be administered to collect and describe the demographic characteristics and obstetric information of the postpartum population at baseline. Furthermore, a series of standardized instruments will be utilized to assess specific psychological and behavioral variables among the participants:

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to evaluate postpartum depressive status; The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) to measure the degree of body image dissatisfaction; The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS) to evaluate the level of self-objectification; The Social Networking Sites Appearance Comparison Scale (SNSACS) to assess appearance comparison behaviors on social media; The Social Networking Site Intensity Scale (FBI) to determine the intensity of social media usage; The Upward Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (UPACS) to evaluate the extent of upward physical appearance comparisons.

Finally, this study will further analyze the correlations among postpartum body image dissatisfaction, self-objectification, appearance comparison on social media, and postpartum depression.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged ≥ 18 years;
2. Between 4 weeks and 12 months postpartum;
3. Able to read and comprehend the Chinese questionnaire, and capable of using a smartphone;
4. Voluntary participation in the study with a signed written informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. A confirmed pre-pregnancy diagnosis of psychiatric disorders or intellectual disabilities, preventing normal communication;
2. Diagnosed with depression during pregnancy or the postpartum period, and currently receiving pharmacological or psychological therapy;
3. Experiencing severe pregnancy or postpartum complications with an unstable clinical condition, rendering the participant unable to complete the questionnaire;
4. Having a newborn with congenital malformations or severe medical conditions;
5. Having experienced major stressful life events within the past 4 to 6 weeks (e.g., perinatal fetal death, or the death of an immediate family member).

puerperae from 4 weeks to 12 months postpartum

all IPD collected throughout the trial