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This study evaluated postoperative soft tissue changes in skeletal Class III patients following minimally invasive and conventional orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric analysis.
This study was conducted on 31 adult patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Patients were divided into minimally invasive (n=15; mean age: 23.2 years) and conventional surgery groups (n=16; mean age: 22.4 years) according to the surgical technique performed. High-resolution three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric facial images were obtained preoperatively (T0) and at least six months postoperatively (T1). Three-dimensional displacements of soft tissue anthropometric landmarks, as well as linear and angular measurements, were analyzed. Data distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests were used for intra- and intergroup comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimally Invasive Orthognathic Surgery | Experimental | Skeletal Class III patients treated with minimally invasive bimaxillary orthognathic surgery characterized by reduced soft tissue dissection, limited surgical exposure, and preservation of vascular integrity compared with the conventional approach. This technique aims to minimize postoperative soft tissue alterations and improve postoperative recovery. Soft tissue changes were evaluated using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric analysis. |
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| Conventional Orthognathic Surgery | Active Comparator | Skeletal Class III patients treated with conventional bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Postoperative soft tissue changes were evaluated using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric analysis. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimally Invasive Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery | Procedure | Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery performed using a minimally invasive surgical approach characterized by limited soft tissue dissection, reduced surgical exposure, and preservation of vascular integrity to minimize postoperative soft tissue alterations. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Landmark Displacements | Three-dimensional soft tissue landmark displacements (mm) evaluated using stereophotogrammetric analysis in skeletal Class III patients undergoing minimally invasive and conventional bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. | Up to 6 months |
| Linear Soft Tissue Measurements | Linear soft tissue measurements (mm) evaluated using stereophotogrammetric analysis in skeletal Class III patients undergoing minimally invasive and conventional bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. | Up to 6 months |
| Angular Soft Tissue Measurements | Angular soft tissue measurements (degree) evaluated using stereophotogrammetric analysis in skeletal Class III patients undergoing minimally invasive and conventional bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. | Up to 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Airway Measurements | Airway measurements (mm) evaluated using cephalometric analysis in skeletal Class III patients undergoing minimally invasive and conventional bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. | Up to 6 months |
| Lip Thickness Measurements |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Skeletal Class III patients requiring bimaxillary orthognathic surgery Patients treated with minimally invasive or conventional orthognathic surgery Availability of high-resolution three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric images obtained preoperatively and at least 6 months postoperatively Patients with complete clinical records Completion of craniofacial growth Patients with less than 10 mm maxillary advancement/setback
Exclusion Criteria:
Craniofacial syndromes or congenital anomalies History of previous orthognathic surgery Facial trauma affecting soft tissue morphology Incomplete clinical or imaging records Systemic diseases affecting soft tissue healing or craniofacial morphology
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| GOKHAN COBAN, Associate Professor | Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics | Kayseri | Kayseri | 38000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31053285 | Background | Weinberg SM. 3D stereophotogrammetry versus traditional craniofacial anthropometry: Comparing measurements from the 3D facial norms database to Farkas's North American norms. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019 May;155(5):693-701. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.06.018. | |
| 36498101 | Background | Dinu C, Manea A, Tomoiaga D, Baciut M, Almasan O, Mitre AO, Barbur I, Hedesiu M, Armencea G, Opris H, Stoia S, Tamas T, Baciut G, Onisor F, Bran S. Recovery following Orthognathic Surgery Procedures-A Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 30;19(23):16028. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192316028. |
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This study was conducted on 31 adult patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Patients were divided into minimally invasive (n=15; mean age: 23.2 years) and conventional surgery groups (n=16; mean age: 22.38 years) according to the surgical technique performed. High-resolution three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric facial images were obtained preoperatively (T0) and at least six months postoperatively (T1). Three-dimensional displacements of soft tissue anthropometric landmarks, as well as linear and angular measurements, were analyzed. Data distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests were used for intra- and intergroup comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
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| Conventional Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery | Procedure | Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery performed using conventional surgical exposure and standard soft tissue dissection techniques. |
|
Upper and lower lip thickness measurements (mm) evaluated using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric analysis in skeletal Class III patients undergoing minimally invasive and conventional bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.
| Up to 6 months |
| 34016501 | Background | Ajmera DH, Singh P, Leung YY, Gu M. Three-dimensional evaluation of soft-tissue response to osseous movement after orthognathic surgery in patients with facial asymmetry: A systematic review. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2021 Sep;49(9):763-774. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.04.010. Epub 2021 Apr 24. |