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This study investigates the accuracy, validity and reliability of smartphone-based 3D body scanning applications compared with traditional anthropometric measurements and a 4D stereophotogrammetry system.
This study evaluates how accurately smartphone-based 3D body scanning applications can measure the human body compared with traditional anthropometric measurements and a 4D stereophotogrammetry system. Thirty-five healthy adults undergo body measurements using three methods: conventional tape and stadiometer measurements, smartphone-based 3D scanning applications (3D Measure Me and MeThreeSixty), and a 4D stereophotogrammetry scan used as a reference method.
The study examines the reliability, validity, and accuracy of these technologies by comparing measurements such as body lengths, circumferences, and body proportions across methods. The goal is to determine whether smartphone-based body scanning applications can provide clinically useful and accessible alternatives to traditional anthropometric measurements in healthcare and rehabilitation settings.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smartphone-Based 3D Body Scanning | Diagnostic Test | Participants undergo anthropometric assessment using three different measurement methods: traditional anthropometric measurements, smartphone-based 3D body scanning applications, and a 4D stereophotogrammetry system. Traditional measurements include the use of a measuring tape, stadiometer, and weight scale. Smartphone-based measurements are performed using the 3D Measure Me and MeThreeSixty applications on a smartphone device. The 4D stereophotogrammetry system is used as the reference scanning method to generate a full-body digital avatar. All measurements are collected during a single study visit to evaluate the validity, reliability, and accuracy of the different body measurement techniques in healthy adults. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Waist height | Length waist to floor (SIAS) in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Waist to knee height | Vertical length from waist to middle of knee cap in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Knee height | Length from the top of the knee to the bottom of the foot in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Outer arm in | Arm length from bone at top edge of shoulder to elbow to wrist just below wrist bone in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Foot length | Length from back of heel to tip of longest toe in mm | 10 and 16 February |
| height | Height from top of head to floor in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Neck girth | Circumference around neck over Adams apple following natural curve in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Hip girth | Circumference at widest point of bum from side view in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Belly girth |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Type of clothing | Loose or tight | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Skin Colour | light, medium or dark | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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seventeen men and eighteen healthy women
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Antwerp | Antwerp | Belgium |
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Circumference at belly button in mm |
| 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Bust girth | Circumference around chest beneath armpits and in line with nipples in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Under bust girth | Circumference just under bust in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Back arm pit contour | Distance armpit to armpit straight across the back without going into the armpit in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Forearm girth | Circumference at largest point on forearm in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Wrist girth | Circumference just below wrist bone in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Thigh girth | Circumference measurement taken 1cm below the gluteal line or fold in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Knee girth | Circumference around knee cap at the widest point in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Ankle girth | Circumference at the narrowest point of the ankle in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Upper arm girth | Bicep circumference at upper arm mid-point in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Movement | no movement or slight movement | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Belly height | Vertical distance from waist to abdomen in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Bust height | Distance from base of neck down to the centre of the fullest part of bust in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Armspan | Lenght from one end of a person's arms (measured at the middle fingertips) to the other when arms raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height at 90° angle in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Head girth | Circumference from slightly above eyebrows above the ears and over the occipital prominence and the back of the head (with a bathing cap) in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |
| Bust width | Length from the left armpit to the right armpit across the front in a straight line over the upper part and not through the centre in mm | 10 and 16 February 2026 |