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The goal of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of brief writing interventions on state optimism, state gratitude and psychological distress among female university students. There are three groups; gratitude writing group where participants are required to write about the things they are grateful for, expressive writing group where participants are required to write about their deepest feelings and thoughts from last week and a control group where participants just write about the tasks they completed in the past week.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gratitude Writing | Experimental | Participants write about the things they are grateful. They are given a total of 10 mins with no language or structural limit or restriction for the writing. |
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| Expressive Writing | Active Comparator | Participants are asked to write about their deepest thoughts and feelings from the past week for a period of 10 mins without any language or structure limit or restriction. |
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| Control | Sham Comparator | The participants were asked to write about the tasks they completed in the past week for 10 mins without any language of structure limit or restriction |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gratitude Writing Intervention | Other | Participants write the things they are grateful and thankful in their life for. It could be anything they want to write about for a period of 10 mins. They can write it in the language of their own choice and in what ever format they prefer. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| State Optimism measured by State Optimism Measure | Change in state optimism assessed using the State Optimism Measure. Higher scores indicate greater levels of state optimism. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| State gratitude measured by the Gratitude Adjective Checklist | Change in state gratitude assessed using the Gratitude Adjective Checklist. Higher scores indicate greater levels of state gratitude. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention |
| Psychological distress measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Only female students were eligible to participate
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kainat Safdar | Contact | +923164684767 | kainat.safder@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinnaird College For Women University | Lahore | Punjab Province | 54000 | Pakistan |
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The study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group research design
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| Expressive Writing | Other | Participants write about their deepest feelings and thoughts from the past week. They are given 10 mins to write. They can write in language of their own choice and in any format they prefer. |
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| Neutral writing | Other | Participants are asked to write about the tasks they have completed in the past week in 10 mins. They can write in the language of their choice and in any format they prefer |
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Change in psychological distress assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Total scores range from 10 to 50, with higher scores indicating greater psychological distress. |
| Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the intervention |