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This observational study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Figure-of-8 Walk Test (8FWT) in individuals with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS). The study will evaluate test-retest reliability, measurement error (SEM, MDC), and construct validity by examining the relationship between 8FWT performance and functional mobility measures. The findings are expected to provide evidence for the clinical applicability of 8FWT in assessing dynamic balance, gait performance, and cognitive-motor interaction in older adults.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome Group | Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above diagnosed with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome who will undergo functional mobility and gait assessments. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment Protocol | Other | Participants will undergo a series of non-invasive assessments including the Figure-of-8 Walk Test (8FWT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test to evaluate gait performance, dynamic balance, and cognitive-motor interaction. No therapeutic intervention will be applied. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Figure-of-8 Walk Test completion time | Time required to complete the Figure-of-8 Walk Test will be recorded in seconds. | Baseline |
| Figure-of-8 Walk Test number of steps | The number of steps taken during the Figure-of-8 Walk Test will be recorded. | Baseline |
| Figure-of-8 Walk Test walking speed | Walking speed during the Figure-of-8 Walk Test will be calculated in meters per second. | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Timed Up and Go Test completion time | Time required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, return, and sit down will be recorded in seconds. | Baseline |
| Test-retest reliability of the Figure-of-8 Walk Test |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Aged 65 years or older Presence of subjective cognitive complaints Gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s (4-meter walk test) Able to walk independently without assistive devices No clinical diagnosis of dementia Able to understand and follow test instructions
Exclusion Criteria:
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score < 24 Neurological diseases affecting gait (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis) Severe musculoskeletal conditions affecting walking Lower extremity surgery within the last 6 months Severe visual or hearing impairment that interferes with testing Dependence on assistive walking devices
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This study will include community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above diagnosed with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS) and living in Balıkesir, Turkey. Participants will be recruited from individuals attending the Tazelenme University Coordination Unit. All participants will be able to walk independently and have sufficient cognitive and physical capacity to complete the assessment protocol.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ebru Tekin, Lecturer | Contact | +90 266 614 69 11 | ebrutekin123@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balikesir University | Recruiting | Balıkesir | Bigadiç | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23110433 | Background | Montero-Odasso M, Verghese J, Beauchet O, Hausdorff JM. Gait and cognition: a complementary approach to understanding brain function and the risk of falling. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Nov;60(11):2127-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04209.x. Epub 2012 Oct 30. | |
| Background | Huang, Z., Zheng, R., He, M., & Wang, J. (2024). Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and incident dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 39(2), e6055. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.6055 | ||
| 39928640 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009730 | Nursing Assessment |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009736 | Nursing Process |
| D003191 | Comprehensive Health Care |
| D010346 | Patient Care Management |
| D006298 | Health Services Administration |
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Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) will be calculated to determine the reliability of repeated 8FWT measurements.
| Baseline and 7 days after baseline |
| Standard Error of Measurement of the Figure-of-8 Walk Test | Standard Error of Measurement will be calculated to quantify the measurement precision of the Figure-of-8 Walk Test. | Baseline and 7 days after baseline |
| Minimal Detectable Change of the Figure-of-8 Walk Test | Minimal Detectable Change will be calculated to quantify the smallest change exceeding measurement error for the Figure-of-8 Walk Test. | Baseline and 7 days after baseline |
| Background |
| Kong HH, Shin K, Yang DS, Gu HY, Joo HS, Shon HC. Digital assessment of walking ability: Validity and reliability of the automated figure-of-eight walk test in older adults. PLoS One. 2025 Feb 10;20(2):e0316612. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316612. eCollection 2025. |
| 32006022 | Background | Coyle PC, Perera S, Shuman V, VanSwearingen J, Brach JS. Development and Validation of Person-Centered Cut-Points for the Figure-of-8-Walk Test of Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 Nov 13;75(12):2404-2411. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa035. |
| 19959654 | Background | Hess RJ, Brach JS, Piva SR, VanSwearingen JM. Walking skill can be assessed in older adults: validity of the Figure-of-8 Walk Test. Phys Ther. 2010 Jan;90(1):89-99. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20080121. Epub 2009 Dec 3. |