Evaluation of Fluid Biomarkers Around Implants Exhibiting Early Stage Periimplant Bone Loss

Evaluation of Biomarkers Involved In Bone Metabolism (Remodeling) In Periimplanter Crevicular Fluid of Implants With Early Marginal Bone Loss: A Retrospective Clinical Study

This study aimed to compare biological mediators known to be important in peri-implant diseases in implants with and without early stage marginal bone loss. A total of 118 implants in 59 patients were designated as test and control groups. The radiographic and periodontal data of the included implants, along with peri-implant sulcus fluid samples, were evaluated.

This study included clinical and radiographic records of patients who received implant treatment in the maxilla and/or mandible between 11/2021 and 9/2024. Patients were divided into test and control groups based on the presence/absence of EMBL after prosthetic loading. Periodontal clinical measurements were recorded and peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) samples were collected. Sclerostin, calprotectin, type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, and MMP-9 levels were analyzed using ELISA. Group comparisons were performed with the statistical analyses.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Presence of 1 mm or more of radiographic marginal bone loss within the first 3 months after implant placement
• Availability of radiographic documentation
• Availability of demographic data, surgical records, and data related to the implant used
• Physical condition classified as Class I and II according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification
• Patients with no smoking history in the last 10 years
• Fixed implant-supported restorations
• Screw-retained implants

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients receiving and/or maintaining implant treatment at centers other than the Department of Periodontology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Dentistry
• Patients with incomplete or unreachable files or radiographic documentation
• Patients with a known systemic disease/condition that alters their physical condition or bone metabolism
• Severe bruxism cases
• Pregnant and breastfeeding patients
• Patients with incomplete implant-supported prosthesis
• Areas grafted during or before implant surgery
• Removable implant-supported restorations
• Cement-retained implants
• Patients undergoing peri-implantitis treatment