Effects of Gaze Stabilization Exercises and Optokinetic Training in Peripheral Vestibular Disorders

Effects of Gaze Stabilization Exercises and Optokinetic Training in Peripheral Vestibular Disorders

This study compares the effectiveness of Gaze Stabilization Exercises and Optokinetic Training in improving dizziness, balance, and confidence in individuals with peripheral vestibular disorders.

Peripheral vestibular disorders (PVD) commonly cause dizziness, postural instability, and decreased balance confidence, which increase the risk of falls and limit participation in daily activities. Vestibular rehabilitation is widely used to manage these symptoms. Among rehabilitation approaches, Gaze Stabilization Exercises (GSE) aim to improve vestibulo-ocular reflex function, while Optokinetic Training (OKT) promotes symptom habituation through visual motion stimulation. However, the comparative effectiveness of these two interventions remains unclear.

This study aims to compare the effects of GSE and OKT on dizziness severity, postural stability, and balance confidence in individuals with peripheral vestibular disorders. Participants will undergo intervention sessions three times per week for six weeks. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, mid-intervention (week 3), and post-intervention (week 6).

Primary and secondary outcomes will include the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. Data will be analyzed using SPSS statistical software. It is hypothesized that both interventions will improve dizziness, balance, and confidence, though differences in effectiveness may exist between the two approaches.

The findings of this study are expected to contribute to evidence-based vestibular rehabilitation by identifying effective intervention strategies. The results may help clinicians design personalized rehabilitation programs aimed at reducing fall risk, improving functional mobility, and enhancing quality of life in individuals with peripheral vestibular disorders.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male and female patients aged 35-55 years
• Complaining of dizziness for at least three months
• Reporting at least one dizziness episode per month
• Medical diagnosis of chronic peripheral vestibular disease
• Willingness to participate and provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Medical history or signs of central nervous system disorders and/or psychiatric disorders
• Uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes
• Incapacity to understand and follow simple verbal commands
• Inability to independently remain in standing position
• Severe visual impairment or visual impairment not compensated by corrective lenses
• Orthopedic disorders resulting in movement limitation or use of lower-limb prostheses
• Previous body balance rehabilitation in the last six months