Participants in the Chair exercise group will perform an instrument-based Pilates program designed to improve balance and core stability. The exercises will be structured as 1 set of 12 repetitions and will include controlled movements against spring resistance, as well as positions involving loading on a narrow base of support. The exercise session is expected to last approximately 35 minutes.

The Y-Balance Test is a reliable and valid method for assessing dynamic balance and will be used in this study. The YBT requires participants to maintain single-leg stance while reaching in three directions with the other leg: anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial. The composite score is calculated by normalizing the sum of reach distances to lower limb length. Leg length will be measured from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus using a tape measure. The YBT is widely used in the literature as a scientifically validated and reliable protocol for assessing dynamic balance capacity. Each limb will be tested three times, and the average value will be recorded. A 1-minute rest period will be provided between trials.

The Single Leg Stance Test is a simple and reliable method used to assess static balance performance. During the test, participants stand on one leg with eyes open, and the time until loss of balance is recorded in seconds. Performance is evaluated based on the maximum time the position can be maintained. Measurements will be performed three times for each lower extremity, and the average value will be recorded. The literature reports that this test has high reliability in healthy individuals and is a valid measure for static balance assessment.

The Timed Up and Go Test is a widely used clinical performance test designed to assess functional mobility, balance, walking speed, and dynamic postural control. It is a quick and commonly preferred assessment tool in clinical practice. The test includes functional movements required in daily life activities, such as sitting, standing up, walking, turning, and sitting down again. The Timed Up and Go Test demonstrates high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.87-0.99) across different age groups and in individuals with musculoskeletal conditions. It has also been reported to show strong correlations with other measures of functional balance and gait performance, and it is considered a valid and reliable assessment tool in both clinical and research settings.