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Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent complaint during pregnancy, affecting 50-70% of women, especially in the second and third trimesters. Physiological and biomechanical changes such as hormonal relaxation of ligaments, postural shifts, and increased lumbar lordosis contribute to this condition. LBP during pregnancy can significantly limit mobility, reduce daily activity levels, and impair the quality of life. Conservative interventions like prenatal stretching and kinesiotaping are commonly used by physiotherapists. Stretching improves flexibility and reduces musculoskeletal stress, while kinesiotaping offers support, reduces pain perception, and promotes better posture. However, there is limited clinical evidence evaluating their combined effect in pregnant women with LBP.
This study will be randomized controlled trial and will be conducted at Rahim Yar Khan hospital and Hamdani Hospital Rahim Yar khan .Non-probability convenience sampling technique will be used. Inclusion criteria include Gestational age 20 -34 weeks with low back pain and age between 18-35 years .Baseline measurement include pain (measured by using 10 cm Numeric Pain rating scale ) mobility (measured by Schober Test) quality of life( SF36 questionaire). Participant will be randomly assigned to either Group A (stretching exercise and kinesiotaping) and Group B (Stretching exercise ). The total duration of the study will be 6 to 8 weeks. After identifying eligible pregnant women, obtaining informed consent, and recording baseline measurements from both groups intervention period will begin, during which participants will receive prenatal stretching and kinesiotaping. After data collection all data analysis will be performed using SPSS version 21.
Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent complaint during pregnancy, affecting 50-70% of women, especially in the second and third trimesters. Physiological and biomechanical changes such as hormonal relaxation of ligaments, postural shifts, and increased lumbar lordosis contribute to this condition. LBP during pregnancy can significantly limit mobility, reduce daily activity levels, and impair the quality of life. Conservative interventions like prenatal stretching and kinesiotaping are commonly used by physiotherapists. Stretching improves flexibility and reduces musculoskeletal stress, while kinesiotaping offers support, reduces pain perception, and promotes better posture. However, there is limited clinical evidence evaluating their combined effect in pregnant women with LBP.
This study will be randomized controlled trial and will be conducted at Rahim Yar Khan hospital and Hamdani Hospital Rahim Yar khan .Non-probability convenience sampling technique will be used. Inclusion criteria include Gestational age 20 -34 weeks with low back pain and age between 18-35 years .Baseline measurement include pain (measured by using 10 cm Numeric Pain rating scale ) mobility (measured by Schober Test) quality of life( SF36 questionaire). Participant will be randomly assigned to either Group A (stretching exercise and kinesiotaping) and Group B (Stretching exercise ). The total duration of the study will be 6 to 8 weeks. After identifying eligible pregnant women, obtaining informed consent, and recording baseline measurements from both groups intervention period will begin, during which participants will receive prenatal stretching and kinesiotaping. After data collection all data analysis will be performed using SPSS version 21.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| stretching exercises and kinisiotaping | Experimental | • Participants in Group A will receive a combined intervention of:
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| stretching exercises | Active Comparator | • Participants in Group B will receive only prenatal stretching exercises, performed under the same protocol as Group A: o Three sessions per week, each of 30 minutes, targeting lumbar and pelvic muscles. During the intervention period, participants in both groups will be monitored regularly to ensure adherence to the treatment protocol and to identify any adverse effects or complications. At the end of the intervention period (4 to 6 weeks), all participants will undergo a post-intervention assessment using the same tools: |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stretching exercises and kinisiotaping | Other | Participants in Group A will receive a combined intervention of: Prenatal Stretching Exercises: Performed under supervision three times per week. Each session will last approximately 30 minutes, focusing on lumbar and pelvic flexibility and relieving low back pain. Kinesiotaping: Applied to the lumbar region by a certified professional using standard kinesiotaping techniques. The tape will remain in place for 3 to 5 days and will be reapplied regularly for the entire 4 to 6-week intervention period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric rating scale | Numeric rating scale is a simple and reliable tool commonly used to assess pain intensity, including low back pain. It consists of a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 represents the "worst imaginable pain." Patients are asked to select a number that best reflects the severity of their pain. NRS is frequently used in clinical settings to evaluate back pain due to its ease of use, quick administration, and applicability in both acute and chronic conditions. It helps healthcare providers monitor pain progression and treatment effectiveness | 6 weeks |
| Schober test | this test is used to check the mobility | 6 weeks |
| SF 36 health survey | The SF-36 is a validated, self-administered questionnaire designed to assess health-related quality of life across eight domains, including physical functioning, role limitations, pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional well-being, and mental health. Each domain is scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting better perceived health status. It is extensively used in clinical research and healthcare evaluations due to its reliability and broad applicability | 6 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
18 to 35 years
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| imran amjad, phd | Contact | 03324390125 | imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Masooma Saleem, MSPT WH | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hmdani hospital , Rahim yar khan hospital | Recruiting | Rahim Yar Khan | Punjab Province | 54000 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34344606 | Background | Maia LB, Amarante LG, Vitorino DFM, Mascarenhas RO, Lacerda ACR, Lourenco BM, Oliveira VC. Effectiveness of conservative therapy on pain, disability and quality of life for low back pain in pregnancy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Braz J Phys Ther. 2021 Nov-Dec;25(6):676-687. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.06.007. Epub 2021 Jul 22. | |
| 37437692 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D017116 | Low Back Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001416 | Back Pain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052580 | Muscle Stretching Exercises |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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| Stretching exercises | Other | • Participants in Group B will receive only prenatal stretching exercises o Three sessions per week, each of 30 minutes, targeting lumbar and pelvic muscles. During the intervention period, participants in both groups will be monitored regularly to ensure adherence to the treatment protocol and to identify any adverse effects or complications. At the end of the intervention period (4 to 6 weeks), all participants will undergo a post-intervention assessment using the same tools: |
|
| Barbier M, Blanc J, Faust C, Baumstarck K, Ranque-Garnier S, Bretelle F. Standardized Stretching Postural postures to treat low-back pain in pregnancy: the GEMALODO randomized clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2023 Oct;5(10):101087. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101087. Epub 2023 Jul 11. |
| 34696756 | Background | Xue X, Chen Y, Mao X, Tu H, Yang X, Deng Z, Li N. Effect of kinesio taping on low back pain during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 Oct 25;21(1):712. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-04197-3. |
| 35051196 | Background | Xue X, Yang X, Deng Z, Chen Y, Mao X, Tu H, Zhou L, Li N, Sun J, He Y, Zhang S. Effect of Kinesio taping on Pregnancy-related low back pain: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022 Jan 20;17(1):e0261766. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261766. eCollection 2022. |
| 27634093 | Background | Nelson NL. Kinesio taping for chronic low back pain: A systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Jul;20(3):672-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.04.018. Epub 2016 Apr 27. |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |