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Anxiety is a state of worry and apprehension caused by internal and external threats. High preoperative anxiety levels have been associated with increased anesthetic requirements, higher morbidity, and mortality rates. In adult patients undergoing various surgical procedures, preoperative anxiety rates have been reported to range from 11% to 80%. Most studies show that postoperative anxiety levels are related to preoperative anxiety levels. In patients undergoing general anesthesia, anxiety levels increase a few days after surgery as issues related to recovery and pain become apparent. Patients with high postoperative anxiety levels have also been reported to have a higher rate of medical complications.
Liver transplantation is the only treatment for end-stage liver disease. The shortage of organ donations is leading clinicians to increasingly perform transplants from living donors. The biggest concern in living-donor liver transplantation is donor safety.
Liver donors undergo a major surgical operation that offers no medical benefit to them. The procedure can involve not only a physical but also a psychological burden. Given this situation, protecting both the physical and psychological health of liver donors is essential.
Anxiety studies primarily focus on organ transplant recipients However, the quality of life of donors and psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression are attracting increasing attention in the field of organ transplantation today. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2018:14 1999-2005 A literature review revealed that there are limited studies investigating how donors are affected during the transplantation process in living-donor liver transplantation.
The aim of our study is to determine the preoperative and postoperative anxiety levels of donors in living donor liver transplantation and to identify possible conditions that may be associated with anxiety.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Living liver donors | Liver transplant donors who will undergo surgery between May and July 2026 |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety scores | Behavioral | Anxiety scores will evaluated STAI test. The STAI test consists of two sections of 20 questions each. The first section of the test includes questions about how the person feels at that moment. Answers are given on a scale of 4 points. For example: I am calm right now: not at all=1, a little=2, a lot=3, completely=4. The second section of the test includes questions about how the person feels in general and is also answered on a scale of 4 points. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety Scores | The STAI test is a questionnaire comprising two, 20-item scales used to measure state and trait anxiety. The anxiety levels of LLDs will be evaluated by using the STAI. The STAI-State (STAI-S) form will be use to measure the current anxiety level. The test includes questions about how the person feels at that moment. Answers are given on a scale of 4 points. For example: I am calm right now: not at all=1, a little=2, a lot=3, completely=4. The STAI-Trait (STAI-T) form will be use to measure the underlying (ongoing/personality) anxiety level of the patient. The test includes questions about how the person feels in general and is also answered on a scale of 4 points. Each patient will complete these forms preoperatively and postoperatively. The mean (total) score on the STAI has a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 80. The STAI scores are generally classified as no anxiety or low anxiety (score of 20-37), moderate anxiety (score of 38-44), and high anxiety (score of 45-80). | From 24 hours prior to the operation to postoperative 3. day and 7. day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Presence of an alternative donor | The relationship between the presence or absence of an alternative donor and donors anxiety scores will be evaluated. This will be defined as "alternative donor available" or "alternative donor not available." | Prior to the operation |
| Recipient Prognosis |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Living liver donors
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zekine Begeç, Professor | Contact | 904223410660 | 3112 | zekine.begec@inonu.edu.tr |
| Muharrem Uçar, Professor | Contact | 904223410660 | 3112 | umuharrem@hotmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Zekine Begeç, professor | Inonu University Department of Anesthesia | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turgut Ozal Medical Center | Recruiting | Malatya | 44315 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34269646 | Background | Erdogan MA, Ucar M, Ozgul U, Erdogan S, Colak YZ, Ozhan O, Yaman R, Ugur Y, Aydemir S, Parlakpinar H. Preoperative and Postoperative Endogenous Melatonin and Anxiety Levels and Their Correlation in Living Liver Donors. Exp Clin Transplant. 2025 Apr;23(4):278-284. doi: 10.6002/ect.2021.0060. Epub 2021 Jul 16. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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The relationship between the recipients prognosis and donors anxiety scores will be evaluated. This will be defined as the recipient living or not living |
| at the postoperative 3. day and 7. day |