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This study aims to determine the combined effect of resisted deep breathing and Myofascial release on pain, respiratory efficiency, chest mobility and lymph edema in Postmastectomy.
The study will be randomized controlled trial and will conducted in Shokat Khanam hospital and Anmol cancer hospital. Non-probability convenience sampling technique will be used and 48 participants will be recruited in study after randomization. The subjects will be divided into two group. Group A will receive myofascial release. Group B will receive myofascial release with resisted deep breathing. Both Group will receive Baseline treatment which is including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The total duration of treatment will be 12 weeks and there will be 2 sessions each week. The tools that will be used are Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain, Circumferential limb measurements for chest mobility or lymph edema and Spirometer for respiratory efficiency. After data collection will be analyzed by using SPSS version 21.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resisted Deep Breathing & Myofascial release | Experimental | Myofascial release is a hands-on therapy aimed at relieving pain and tightness in the fascia, the connective tissue surrounding muscles, by targeting trigger points and stiff areas and Resisted Deep Breathing (RDB) is a physiotherapy breathing technique used to improve respiratory muscle strength, lung expansion, and ventilation efficiency |
|
| Myofascial release | Active Comparator | Myofascial release is a hands-on therapy aimed at relieving pain and tightness in the fascia, the connective tissue surrounding muscles, by targeting trigger points and stiff areas |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resisted Deep Breathing | Other | The total duration of treatment will be 12 weeks and there will be 2 sessions each week |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Spirometer | The evaluation of pulmonary function will be performed using conventional spirometry with a Spirobank USB spirometer (Medical International Research, Rome, Italy). The directly measured parameters will include lung volumes, capacities, and flow rates, assessed through the procedures of slow vital capacity (SVC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), performed in this order | 12th week |
| Circumferential limb measurements | In the proposed study, upper limb volume will be measured using circumference measurements. The anatomical positions of the arm will be selected at 7 cm intervals, including the wrist (the slenderest part), 7 cm above the wrist (lower arm), 7 cm below the elbow (lower arm), at the elbow, 7 cm above the elbow (upper arm), and at the same level as the axilla (upper arm). To minimize measurement error, all measurements will be taken at a constant pressure, with participants seated in a position where the hips and knees are bent at 90 degrees. | 12th week |
| Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) | Subjective pain will be measured using the Numerical pain Rating Scale (NPRS), which is the simplest and most commonly used pain assessment tool. Patients will be asked to mark a point on a line ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain) to indicate their pain intensity. | 12th week |
| Chest Mobility | Chest circumference at maximal voluntary inspiration (insp) and maximal voluntary expiration (expir), as well as chest expansion (CE) calculated as the difference between insp and expir will be measured in a sitting position using a tape marked in 0.1 cm increments at the level of the fourth intercostal space. Participants will be instructed about the procedure and asked to exhale fully and hold for expir, and inhale deeply and hold for insp. The highest insp and lowest expir values from three attempts will be recorded, and their difference will represent chest expansion |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Postmastectomy
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| imran amjad | Contact | 03324390125 | imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| hina gul, PhD* | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riphah medical center | Recruiting | Lahore | Punjab Province | 6400 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40641717 | Background | Vijayakumar C, Jain A, Kalaranjani M, Kumbhar US, Kumar N, Sreenath GS. Effectiveness of Myofascial Release Compared to Manual Lymphatic Drainage in Reducing Post-Treatment Shoulder Pain and Stiffness Among Patients Who Underwent Breast Cancer Surgery and Adjuvant Radiotherapy: Randomised controlled trial. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2025 May 2;25(1):328-335. doi: 10.18295/2075-0528.2841. | |
| 40072712 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072656 | Breast Cancer Lymphedema |
| D008209 | Lymphedema |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008206 | Lymphatic Diseases |
| D006425 | Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000089803 | Myofascial Release Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008405 | Massage |
| D064746 | Therapy, Soft Tissue |
| D026201 | Musculoskeletal Manipulations |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
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| Myofascial release | Other | The total duration of treatment will be 12 weeks and there will be 2 sessions each week |
|
| 12th week |
| Background |
| Sun R, Liao Y. The impact of combined Gua Sha and myofascial release techniques on upper limb dysfunction in patients with breast cancer and axillary web syndrome: a prospective case series study. Support Care Cancer. 2025 Mar 12;33(4):270. doi: 10.1007/s00520-025-09259-2. |
| 33919315 | Background | Lara-Palomo IC, Castro-Sanchez AM, Cordoba-Pelaez MM, Albornoz-Cabello M, Ortiz-Comino L. Effect of Myofascial Therapy on Pain and Functionality of the Upper Extremities in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 21;18(9):4420. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094420. |
| 36637800 | Background | Kim Y, Park EY, Lee H. The effect of myofascial release in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema: a cross-over randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2023 Feb;59(1):85-93. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.22.07698-5. Epub 2023 Jan 13. |
| Background | AMANY RAW, FATMA SA, NANCY HA, ASHRAF EEJTMJoCU. Effect of Resisted Deep Breathing on Post Mastectomy Lymphedema. 2024;91(12):1443-8. |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013812 |
| Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |