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This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of neuroscience-based visual laser feedback map tests in individuals with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS). The developed assessment protocol integrates visuospatial processing, reaction time, and upper extremity motor control within a single task. Construct validity will be examined through correlations with reaction time and proprioception measurements, and test-retest reliability will be assessed to determine measurement consistency.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome Group | Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above diagnosed with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS) will be included. Participants will undergo neuroscience-based visual-laser feedback map tests along with reaction time and proprioception assessments under standardized conditions. No therapeutic intervention will be applied. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual-laser feedback map test performance | Performance parameters including completion time (seconds), reaction time (milliseconds), movement accuracy, and total performance score obtained from the figure-of-eight tracing and directional target tracking tasks. | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reaction time | Reaction time will be assessed using the Light Trainer system. The response time to visual stimuli will be recorded in milliseconds. | Baseline |
| Shoulder proprioception | Shoulder joint position sense will be assessed using the joint repositioning test. Absolute error will be recorded in degrees. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Aged ≥65 years Diagnosis of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (subjective cognitive complaint + slow gait) Living independently in the community Able to understand and perform test procedures
Exclusion Criteria:
Diagnosed dementia Severe psychiatric disorders Advanced visual impairments (e.g., macular degeneration, severe cataract) Neurological disorders affecting motor control Severe tremor or ataxia interfering with task performance
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Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above diagnosed with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome will be recruited from the Tazelenme University Coordination Unit in Balıkesir, Turkey. The study population represents individuals at risk of cognitive decline but without diagnosed dementia, enabling the evaluation of early-stage cognitive-motor interaction.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ebru Tekin, Lecturer | Contact | +90 266 614 69 11 | ebrutekin123@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balikesir University | Recruiting | Balıkesir | Bigadiç | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Pinzón-Ríos, I. D., & Moreno-Collazos, J. E. (2020). Neural aging, brain plasticity and exercise: Advances from a physiotherapy perspective. Archivos de Medicina (Manizales), 20(1), 188-202. | ||
| 27330520 | Background | Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med. 2016 Jun;15(2):155-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012. Epub 2016 Mar 31. | |
| 18251019 |
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| Baseline |
| Test-retest reliability | Test-retest reliability of the visual-laser feedback map tests will be evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). | Baseline and 7-day follow-up |
| Measurement error | Measurement error will be calculated using the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC). | Baseline and 7-day follow-up |
| Background |
| Shadmehr R, Krakauer JW. A computational neuroanatomy for motor control. Exp Brain Res. 2008 Mar;185(3):359-81. doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1280-5. Epub 2008 Feb 5. |
| 34976475 | Background | Moinuddin A, Goel A, Sethi Y. The Role of Augmented Feedback on Motor Learning: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2021 Nov 18;13(11):e19695. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19695. eCollection 2021 Nov. |
| 25999838 | Background | Clark DJ. Automaticity of walking: functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015 May 5;9:246. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00246. eCollection 2015. |
| 19850077 | Background | Seidler RD, Bernard JA, Burutolu TB, Fling BW, Gordon MT, Gwin JT, Kwak Y, Lipps DB. Motor control and aging: links to age-related brain structural, functional, and biochemical effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Apr;34(5):721-33. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.005. Epub 2009 Oct 20. |