The study uses an experimental design (RCT) to estimate the causal impact of nature-based activities on the parent-child relationship and children's emotional regulation without random assignment. After consenting to participate, all students were asked to complete a questionnaire containing questions from six validated scales to measure baseline social health and well-being conditions. i.e. Nature Connection Index (NCI), Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS), Child-parent relationship scale (CPRS), and Children's Emotion Management Scale (CEMS). For the intervention group, 50 low-income families will be invited to experience touching the lawn barefoot and lying down to relax. Participants will also engage in nature-based games to enhance their well-being, increase creativity, and improve mood. Additionally, collective nature-inspired music and jamming activities will facilitate social bonding and encourage community interaction, while supporting participants in forming habits of connecting with nature in daily life for sustainable overall well-being. The families in the control group were not asked any specific tasks during the period. After completing the nature-based activity, participants will be asked to complete the initial questionnaire again.

Considering the importance of a connection with nature in early childhood and throughout life, this study attempts to explore how nature-based activities enhance family relationships and children's emotional management.

Study site:

We selected communities in Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai (part of Yuen Long), and Tuen Mun due to their low socio-economic status and high child poverty rates. These areas have constantly high number of reported child abuse cases in the past ten years where Tuen Mun was the top in 2016. Moreover, the three communities all have large public parks which are ideal locations to provide exposure to nature settings as well as accessible for the families to join the activities. In this study, the families can develop a habit of spending regular time in their neighbourhood parks in the future.

Target population:

The target groups include low-income families with young children, families of SEN children, single-parent families, families with poor parenting skills or other families in need. We will partner with local NGOs to recruit these families in need. Priority will be given to low-income families supported by the Kindergarten and Child Care Centre Fee Remission Scheme of The Student Finance Office, as well as families receiving CSSA. In the meantime, our public education resources will also benefit teachers and social workers from NGO service units or kindergartens as they utilize the tools to carry out Nature Healing activities with their users. Family members of stressed families will also directly benefit, as the improved well-being of one member leads to more harmonious family relationships. As families share their experiences, neighbours and friends can indirectly benefit and may potentially be recruited to become new participants in the programme. A total of 100 low-income families will be recruited and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group (50 families per group). All participants will be required to provide informed consent before taking part in the study.

Procedure:

The experimental procedure was explained to potential participants in a recruitment email, which required them to provide informed consent before participating. After consenting, all parents will be asked to complete a baseline questionnaire comprising items from four validated scales to assess family relationships and emotional health.

• Intervention Group: The 50 families assigned to the intervention group will be invited to engage in nature-based activities, including: touching the lawn barefoot, lying down to relax, participating in nature-based games to enhance well-being, increase creativity, and improve mood. Further, collective nature-inspired music and jamming activities will be to facilitate social bonding and encourage community interaction.
• Control Group: The 50 families assigned to the control group will not be asked to perform any specific tasks during the study period.

After completing the nature-based activities, participants in the intervention group will be asked to complete the same questionnaire again for post-intervention assessment.

Data analysis:

A repeated measures analysis of covariance will assess the fidelity with which results in changes in family relationship and emotional health during the intervention. Paired samples t-tests will be used to further investigate differences within each group. An intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis will be performed on outcomes in which all participants are included with drop-outs assigned a follow-up value at baseline. All analyses will be performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics v. 27.0 software.

The questionnaire, participant information sheet and consent form are attached.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Low-income families

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe physical and mental conditions