After admission, the responsible nurse introduces the hospital's rules and regulations, conducts a routine assessment of the patient (including age, vital signs, weight, self-care ability, health history, etc.), assesses the psychological and social support status, proposes a nursing diagnosis and formulates nursing measures. (2) Complete the preoperative preparations before the operation and inform the patient of the preoperative precautions. (3) After the operation, explain the postoperative precautions, guide the patient to get out of bed and move around as soon as possible, and perform ankle pump exercises (such as extension, flexion, and circular rotation) while lying in bed. (4) Before (at) discharge, guide the patient to undergo stress therapy and exercise, and suggest changing bad living habits (such as standing or sitting for long periods, smoking and drinking, carrying heavy loads for long periods, crossing legs, etc.). Instruct the patient to take the medicine strictly as p

After admission, the responsible nurse introduces the hospital's rules and regulations, conducts a routine assessment of the patient (including age, vital signs, weight, self-care ability, health history, etc.), assesses the psychological and social support status, proposes a nursing diagnosis and formulates nursing measures. (2) Complete the preoperative preparations before the operation and inform the patient of the preoperative precautions. (3) After the operation, explain the postoperative precautions, guide the patient to get out of bed and move around as soon as possible, and perform ankle pump exercises (such as extension, flexion, and circular rotation) while lying in bed. (4) Before (at) discharge, guide the patient to undergo stress therapy and exercise, and suggest changing bad living habits (such as standing or sitting for long periods, smoking and drinking, carrying heavy loads for long periods, crossing legs, etc.). Instruct the patient to take the medicine strictly as pr

This scale was developed by Wang Sumin et al in 2021. It consists of three dimensions: daily living, medical disease management, and self-management efficacy, with a total of 25 items. The scale adopts a 5-point Likert scoring system, with total scores ranging from 25 to 125. A higher score indicates a stronger self-management ability

This scale was developed by Lorig et al and later adapted into Chinese by Zhang Meixia. The scale consists of 6 items, each scored from 1 to 10. The mean score of all items is used as the total score for self-efficacy, with a higher score indicating greater confidence.