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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Turku | OTHER |
| The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey | OTHER |
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Peri-implantitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaque-associated inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and progressive loss of supporting bone around dental implants, which may ultimately lead to implant failure if left untreated.
It has been demonstrated that cellular and molecular responses of the host immune defense system play a critical role in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. Macrophages are key cells in the host immune response and are generally classified into two phenotypes: pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2). While M1 macrophages are actively involved in the early defense response, a shift toward the M2 phenotype is required for the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.
Smoking has been shown to adversely affect macrophage polarization and function, thereby exacerbating inflammatory responses. Therefore, in the present study, levels of soluable CD163 (sCD163), B cell activating factor (BAFF), tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-34 (IL-34), interleukin-35 (IL-35), and arginase activity (ornithine levels) will be evaluated in peri-implant health and peri-implantitis patients with varying disease severity and different smoking statuses. In addition, a comprehensive proteomic analysis will be performed to investigate the relationships among peri-implantitis severity, smoking, and macrophage polarization-related molecules. Baseline periodontal and peri-implant parameters will be recorded for all participants. In the peri-implant health group, tissue samples will be collected during exposure surgery performed for submerged implants, after which participants will be enrolled in supportive peri-implant care. Participants diagnosed with peri-implantitis will receive non-surgical therapy, during which tissue samples will be collected. Periodontal and peri-implant parameters will be reassessed for all participants at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks. Healthy peri-implant samples will be collected from submerged implants during exposure surgery. Peri-implantitis samples (probable pocket depth ≥ 6 mm with bleeding on probing) will be obtained during non-surgical therapy using a single stroke along the pocket wall.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peri-implant health - smokers | Individuals with at least one bone-level dental implant, who are current smokers, and are scheduled to undergo exposure surgery. | ||
| Peri-implant health - non-smokers | Individuals with at least one bone-level dental implant, who are non-smokers, and are scheduled to undergo exposure surgery. | ||
| Peri-implantitis - non-smokers | Individuals with peri-implantitis (non-smokers) were defined as subjects who were non-smokers and presented with bleeding and/or suppuration on gentle probing, an increased probing depth compared to previous examinations, and radiographic evidence of bone loss beyond crestal bone level changes resulting from initial bone remodelling. In cases where previous examination data were not available, peri-implantitis was diagnosed based on the presence of bleeding and/or suppuration on gentle probing, probing depths of ≥6 mm, and radiographic bone levels ≥3 mm apical to the most coronal portion of the intraosseous part of the implant. | ||
| Peri-implantitis - smokers | Individuals with peri-implantitis (smokers) were defined as subjects who were current smokers and presented with bleeding and/or suppuration on gentle probing, an increased probing depth compared to previous examinations, and radiographic evidence of bone loss beyond crestal bone level changes resulting from initial bone remodelling. In cases where previous examination data were not available, peri-implantitis was diagnosed based on the presence of bleeding and/or suppuration on gentle probing, probing depths of ≥6 mm, and radiographic bone levels ≥3 mm apical to the most coronal portion of the intraosseous part of the implant. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of soluable CD163 (sCD163) levels | sCD163 levels in tissue samples collected from the participants will be evaluated using Bio-Plex multiplex kits. The results of the biochemical analyses will be reported as pg/ng. | Baseline |
| Evaluation of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) levels | APRIL levels in tissue samples collected from the participants will be evaluated using Bio-Plex multiplex kits. The results of the biochemical analyses will be reported as pg/ng. | Baseline |
| Evaluation of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) levels | BAFF levels in tissue samples collected from the participants will be evaluated using Bio-Plex multiplex kits. The results of the biochemical analyses will be reported as pg/ng. | Baseline |
| Evaluation of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) levels | TWEAK levels in tissue samples collected from the participants will be evaluated using Bio-Plex multiplex kits. The results of the biochemical analyses will be reported as pg/ng. | Baseline |
| Evaluotion of interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels | IL-10 levels in tissue samples collected from the participants will be evaluated using Bio-Plex multiplex kits. The results of the biochemical analyses will be reported as pg/ng. | Baseline |
| Evaluation of interleukin-34 (IL-34) Levels | IL-34 levels in tissue samples collected from the participants will be evaluated using Bio-Plex multiplex kits. The results of the biochemical analyses will be reported as pg/ng. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Probable pocket depth (PPD) | Probable pocket depth wiil be measured using a periodontal probe | Baseline and 6th week. |
| Bleeding on probing (BoP) | The presence of visible bleeding following periodontal probing will be assessed by visual inspection (+/-). The total bleeding score will be expressed as a percentage. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Individuals who applied to Biruni University Faculty of Dentistry for treatment or oral examination will be included in this study.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Burcu Karaduman, PhD | Biruni University | Study Chair |
| Ulvi K Gursoy, PhD | University of Turku | Study Chair |
| Mustafa Yilmaz, PhD | Istanbul University | Study Chair |
| Ayse Kaban | Biruni University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biruni University | Recruiting | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D057873 | Peri-Implantitis |
| D012907 | Smoking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Tissue samples
| Baseline |
| Evaluation of interleukin-35 (IL-35) levels | IL-35 levels in tissue samples collected from the participants will be evaluated using Bio-Plex multiplex kits. The results of the biochemical analyses will be reported as pg/ng. | Baseline |
| Evaluation of arginase activity | Arginase activity in tissue samples collected from the participants will be evaluated using Chinard's method by determined ornithine levels. The results of the biochemical analyses will be reported as pg/ng. | Baseline |
| Baseline and 6th week. |
| Plaque index | The presence of visible plaque will be evaluated with a periodontal probe (+/-). The total plaque score will be expressed as a percentage. | Baseline and 6th week. |