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This study intends to carry out prospective, randomized controlled clinical trials in many centers across the country to compare the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy after standard first-line chemotherapy or immunotherapy combined with interventional bronchial artery chemoembolization for stage IV lung squamous cell carcinoma.
This study aimed to evaluate the differences in efficacy (e.g., progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate, and incidence of adverse events) and safety (e.g., incidence of adverse events) between tislelizumab therapy combined with 1-3 cycles of bronchial artery chemoembolization (with gemcitabine) and tislelizumab monotherapy in patients with stage IV squamous cell lung cancer who achieved partial remission or disease stabilization after standard first-line treatment (carboplatin + paclitaxel chemotherapy + tislelizumab immunotherapy, 4-6 cycles). The goal was to explore ways to optimize first-line treatment strategies and further improve the overall efficacy of first-line treatment for patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immunotherapy group | Active Comparator |
| |
| Immunotherapy combined with interventional therapy group | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immunotherapy combined with interventional therapy group | Procedure | Tislelizumab 200mg, intravenous infusion, every 3 weeks, for 2 years. Simultaneously, the patient undergoes 1-3 sessions of transbronchial chemoembolization (BACE). A follow-up enhanced CT scan of the lungs and mediastinum is performed 4-6 weeks after BACE. Based on the results, the investigator will assess whether further BACE is necessary, with a maximum of 3 BACE sessions per patient. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-free survival | From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause | From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 24 months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival | From date of randomization until the date of death from any cause | From date of randomization until the date of death from any cause, 6,12, 24 months or more, through study completion. |
| Objective response rate |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | 1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2024, 74(3): 229-263. 2. Lortet-Tieulent J, Soerjomataram I, Ferlay J, Rutherford M, Weiderpass E, Bray F. International trends in lung cancer incidence by histological subtype: adenocarcinoma stabilizing in men but still increasing in women. Lung Cancer 2014, 84(1): 13-22. 3. Cheng TY, Cramb SM, Baade PD, Youlden DR, Nwogu C, Reid ME. The International Epidemiology of Lung Cancer: Latest Trends, Disparities, and Tumor Characteristics. J Thorac Oncol 2016, 11(10): 1653-1671. 4. Socinski MA, Obasaju C, Gandara D, Hirsch FR, Bonomi P, Bunn PA, Jr., et al. Current and Emergent Therapy Options for Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018, 13(2): 165-183. 5. He G, Yang K, Zhang X, Pan J, Han A, Gao Z, et al. Bronchial artery chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads versus bronchial artery infusion followed by polyvinyl alcohol particles embolization for advanced squamous cell lung cancer: A retrospective study. Eur J Radiol 2023, 161: 110747. 6. Network NCC. Non-small cell lung cancer (version 4.2025). 2025. 7. Lu S, Chen Z, Hu C, Zhang J, Chen Y, Song Y, et al. Nedaplatin Plus Docetaxel Versus Cisplatin Plus Docetaxel as First-Line Chemotherapy for Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung - A Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized, Phase III Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2018, 13(11): 1743-1749. 8. Novello S, Kowalski DM, Luft A, Gumus M, Vicente D, Mazieres J, et al. Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: 5-Year Update of the Phase III KEYNOTE-407 Study. J Clin Oncol 2023, 41(11): 1999-2006. |
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Involving patient privacy
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| Immunotherapy group | Drug | Tislelizumab 200 mg, IV infusion, Q3W, maintenance for 2 years. Follow up with enhanced CT scans of the lungs and mediastinum every 4-6 weeks, and assess efficacy according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. |
|
Proportion of patients with reduction in stable in tumor burden of a predefined amount
| 2, 4, 6 months after the first Immunotherapy/BACE treatment, up to death or 24 months |
| Disease control rate | Proportion of patients with reduction or keeping in stable in tumor burden of a predefined amount | 2, 4, 6 months after the first Immunotherapy/BACE treatment, up to death or 24 months |