Comparison of Hand Grip Strength in Different Shoulder Positions in Geriatric Individuals: Position-Dependent Strength Analysis

Comparison of Hand Grip Strength in Different Shoulder Positions in Geriatric Individuals: Position-Dependent Strength Analysis - A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study With Repeated Measurements

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between hand grip strength, measured in different shoulder positions, and upper extremity muscle strength, and to reveal the clinical significance of position-dependent strength variation.

The method, device, and test position used in measuring hand grip strength can significantly affect the results. Differences in measurement protocols reduce inter-study comparability and highlight the need for standardization (Roberts et al., 2011). However, it is suggested that measurements taken outside the standard position may reflect not only maximal strength but also neuromuscular control and functional force production strategies (Solomon et al., 2020). The question of whether hand grip strength is only an indicator of distal muscle strength or whether it also provides meaningful information about shoulder and upper extremity muscle strength becomes important.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Being 65 years of age or older
• Being an independent volunteer living in the community
• Being able to actively use the upper extremities
• Having the cognitive level to understand and follow the measurement instructions
• Providing written informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of severe shoulder pain or rotator cuff pathology
• Loss of upper extremity function due to rheumatological disease
• Presence of significant visual or vestibular impairment that may affect measurements
• Presence of another systemic or musculoskeletal disease that may prevent the safe and accurate completion of tests
• History of upper extremity surgery or fracture within the last 6 months
• Failure to provide informed consent