This study examines certain molecular markers in breast cancer using blood and tissue samples from routine diagnostic biopsies. No extra procedures will be performed on patients. The goal is to improve understanding of disease mechanisms and identify potential targets for treatment

This is an observational, case-control study designed to evaluate the expression of lncRNA PCGEM1 and its association with related molecular pathways, including RhoA, TRIAP1, and ferroptosis, in breast cancer patients. The study will include patients diagnosed with breast cancer and a matched control group.

No intervention will be performed as part of this study. Tissue samples will be obtained from routine diagnostic biopsies that are already indicated as part of standard clinical care, with no additional procedures carried out for research purposes.

Collected tissue samples will be processed for RNA extraction and subsequent molecular analysis to assess gene expression levels. The results will be analyzed to explore the potential role of PCGEM1 in tumor progression and its correlation with selected molecular pathways.

The findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of breast cancer biology and help identify potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age: 18 years and older.
• Newly diagnosed patients with histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis of breast cancer at any stage.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of any chronic diseases.
• Previous history of breast cancer or other malignancies.
• Evidence of distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis.
• Prior treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
• Incomplete clinical or laboratory data.

females

18 years and older newly diagnosed female patients with histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis of breast cancer at any stage and matched control