The investigators investigated the prevalence of WRMSDs in Egyptian orthopaedic surgeons.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are syndromes characterized by soft tissue pain, stiffness, swelling, fatigue, and lack of control. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defined Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) as an injury that affects a part of the musculoskeletal system encompassing bones, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, blood vessels, and spinal discs.

Studies have shown that 60 % to 90% of all specialty surgeons suffer from pain and stiffness in their neck, back, or shoulders.

Physical occupational hazards associated with orthopedic surgery have raised growing concerns. The orthopedic surgery field exposes surgeons to a range of serious risks and imposes tremendous physical and emotional strain.

The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was developed by Kuorinka et al. 1987. It is an easy, well-structured questionnaire comprising the whole body by describing nine functional sites for both sides: upper and lower limbs, neck, and lower back. It integrates questions on individual symptoms and activity constraint levels in the previous 12 months.

Statement of the Problem: The study will answer the following research question: What is the prevalence of Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Egyptian orthopedic surgeons? Purpose of the study: This study will assess the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Egyptian orthopedic surgeons.

Significance of the study: After reviewing the available previous published studies, it was found that there is limited research for both prevalence & ergonomic assessment considering Egyptian orthopedic surgeons. Ergonomic guidelines are often not followed in the operating theatre design and layout due to a lack of awareness. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the prevalence of MSDs among Egyptian orthopedic surgeons, although work-related injuries constitute more than 60% of all occupational illnesses.

Currently, there is a knowledge gap regarding the prevalence of WRMSDs among Egyptian orthopedic surgeons. Therefore, the current study aims to assess it, explore the types of WRMSDs, and identify the risk factors for developing WRMSDs among Egyptian orthopedic surgeons.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Egyptian orthopedic surgeons and participants must have been working for at least 5 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• any history of traumatic injuries of relevant regions within the past year such as whiplash injury, any history of surgical interventions of relevant regions within the past year, other medical conditions that may have a negative effect on the spine and upper extremities such as deformity, chronic diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other connective tissue disorders (such as fibromyalgia), neurological and orthopedic disorders as well as sensory deficits and consumption of any sedative drug or alcohol within the past 48 hours.

Egyptian orthopedic surgeons