Effectiveness of Mandala Coloring on State Mindfulness, Mood and Psychological Distress Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Effectiveness of Mandala Coloring on State Mindfulness, Mood and Psychological Distress Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

The goal of this study is to see if mandala coloring helps improve state mindfulness, mood and psychological distress in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The study will also compare mandala coloring with free-form coloring.

The main questions are:

Does mandala coloring improve state mindfulness in hemodialysis patients compared to free-form coloring? Does mandala coloring improve mood compared to free-form coloring? Does mandala coloring reduce psychological distress compared to free-form coloring?

Participants will be placed into two groups. One group will do mandala coloring and the other group will do free-form coloring. Both groups will complete assessment before and after the activity.

Researchers will compare results from before and after the activity and also between the two groups, to see if there are any differences.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18-50 years
• Receiving in-center hemodialysis 2-3 times per week
• Scored in the range 20-29 on Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)
• Able to read and understand English or Urdu

Exclusion Criteria:

• Arteriovenous fistula in the dominant arm
• Diagnosis of dementia or delirium
• Presence of hearing impairment, interfering with participation
• Acute renal failure
• Current chemotherapy or radiotherapy