The goal of this observational study is to learn if combining information from CT scans, blood tests, and pathology reports can better predict how pancreatic cancer will progress.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Can combining these types of data more accurately estimate how long a person might survive?
• Can it better predict the risk of recurrence?

Participants will not have any extra tests or treatments. They will:

• Allow researchers to collect information from their existing medical records (such as surgery reports, imaging, and lab results)
• Receive a follow-up phone call for up to 3 years to share health updates（about every 3 months for the prospective cohort）.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 years.
• Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
• Availability of preoperative and postoperative contrast-enhanced CT images at the participating center; patient records include corresponding clinical data, postoperative pathological reports, and preoperative and postoperative blood test results.
• Underwent surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer at a participating center of this study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age < 18 years (minors).
• Presence of other severe diseases (e.g., severe liver or kidney failure, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, malignancies other than pancreatic cancer); pregnant or breastfeeding women; individuals with mental illness;
• patients unable to comply with follow-up or provide informed consent.
• Presence of significant outliers (e.g., laboratory values exceeding 10 times the normal range without clinically reasonable explanation) or samples with excessive missing data.

The study population will be drawn from patients receiving surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer at two academic medical centers in China: the Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Shanghai) and the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (Changsha). The retrospective cohort includes patients diagnosed between January 2023 and December 2025, identified from hospital electronic health records. The prospective cohort will comprise newly diagnosed patients enrolled consecutively. Both cohorts originate from the same clinical settings, representing a tertiary hospital-based population with consistent diagnostic and treatment standards.