To assess and compare the efficacy of systemic beta-blocker therapy with the efficacy and safety of fractional carbon dioxide laser-assisted delivery of a topical beta-blocker solution in the treatment of infantile hemangioma.

Inclusion Criteria:

, aged 1 month to 12 years

- presenting with superficial, deep, mixed, or proliferating IH.

Exclusion Criteria:

• other cutaneous or systemic infections
• chronic systemic diseases
• known allergy to topical timolol maleate
• contraindications to laser or beta-blocker therapy
• IH involving mucosal or perimucosal sites
• and a history of adverse reactions to laser therapy or keloid tendency.