Prospective User Study and Multicenter Validation of Multimodal Medical Imaging Large Models

Prospective User Study and Multicenter Validation of Multimodal Medical Imaging Large Models in the Diagnosis of Common Systemic Diseases

Following model development and locking, the fixed model is evaluated in prospectively collected CT cohorts from two centers. The study is observational and does not affect clinical care. A subset of cases is used in a randomized crossover reader study.

After model locking, CT data are prospectively collected at two centers for observational validation without retraining or parameter adjustment. Model outputs do not influence patient management. A subset of eligible cases is selected for the randomized crossover reader study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who underwent CT examinations for common systemic diseases.
• Imaging data must have confirmed clinical reference standards, expert consensus, or pathological diagnosis.
• Availability of complete DICOM format images with standard acquisition protocols.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Poor image quality (e.g., severe motion or metal artifacts) that precludes definitive diagnosis.
• Cases with incomplete clinical or pathological reference standards.
• Corrupted image files or duplicate cases.