Participants performed individualized PSSE-Schroth exercises based on curve pattern, including corrective breathing, postural correction, and ADL training.

Participants performed general strengthening and stretching exercises without scoliosis-specific correction.

Participants performed individualized PSSE-Schroth exercises based on curve pattern, including corrective breathing, postural correction, and ADL training

Cobb angle will be measured on standing anteroposterior spinal radiographs using the standard Cobb method. The angle is defined as the intersection of lines drawn parallel to the superior endplate of the upper-end vertebra and the inferior endplate of the lower-end vertebra of the primary curve. Measurements will be performed at baseline and after the intervention period, and the change in Cobb angle (in degrees) will be calculated. Lower values indicate an improvement in spinal curvature.

The proportion of participants requiring orthotic bracing during the study period will be recorded. Brace prescription will be determined by a specialist according to established clinical criteria (e.g., curve magnitude, skeletal maturity, and risk of progression). The rate will be expressed as the percentage of participants prescribed a brace in each group during the follow-up period.

Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 Questionnaire (SRS-22). This validated instrument includes five domains: function/activity, pain, self-image/appearance, mental health, and satisfaction with management. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating better health status. Assessments will be performed at baseline and after the intervention period, and changes in domain and total scores will be analyzed.