This study is a prospective, multicenter, real-world observational study. It aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of autologous basement membrane regeneration technology (epidermal basal cell suspension prepared using a cell sorting system) for wound repair in patients undergoing skin grafting, flap surgery, or primary suture. A total of 500 patients receiving the cell suspension therapy combined with standard surgical procedures will be enrolled from multiple hospitals across China. Their outcomes will be compared with 500 matched patients receiving standard surgical procedures alone (e.g., skin grafting, flap surgery, or suture without cell suspension). The primary outcomes include complete wound healing rate at 4 weeks (for grafted wounds) and time to complete wound closure (for sutured or flap-repaired wounds). Secondary outcomes include wound area reduction rate, recurrence rate, scar assessment (Vancouver Scar Scale), pain score (ASA), sweat function test, basement membrane integrity (histopathology with collagen IV and VII staining if clinically indicated), and safety. Patients will be followed for up to 6 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with wounds requiring surgical repair (skin grafting, flap surgery, or primary suture), including but not limited to: burn wounds, traumatic wounds, post-surgical excision defects (e.g., scars, pigmentation disorders, skin tumors), and chronic wounds (diabetic ulcers, venous ulcers, pressure injuries, radiation ulcers, neuropathic ulcers, burn residual wounds, etc.).
• Age (No age restriction). For minors under 18 years, informed consent must be provided by a parent or legal guardian.
• Stable vital signs and able to tolerate surgery as confirmed by routine examinations.
• Understand and willing to participate and able to provide signed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe uncontrolled systemic disease or acute systemic infection, rapidly progressive or advanced disease, or severe organ dysfunction (heart, lung, brain, etc.).
• Psychiatric disorder.
• Presence of diseases (e.g., malignant tumor, autoimmune disease) or use of medications (e.g., high-dose corticosteroids: ≥40 mg prednisone or equivalent per day for ≥2 weeks) that may affect wound healing.
• HIV positivity, clinical diagnosis of AIDS, or absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1000 cells/mm³ during screening.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Active infection or necrosis of the wound (unless controlled after debridement).

The study population will be recruited from patients with wounds requiring surgical repair (skin grafting, flap surgery, or primary suture) at the burn units, plastic surgery departments, or wound repair departments of 10 participating tertiary hospitals across China, with Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital serving as the lead center.

Eligible participants are those requiring surgical wound repair who meet the inclusion criteria. Patients in the experimental group will receive autologous epidermal basal cell suspension combined with standard surgical procedures. Patients in the control group will receive standard surgical procedures alone (skin grafting, flap surgery, or primary suture without cell suspension). Group assignment is based on clinical practice and patient preference, not randomization.

The study covers diverse wound types, including acute wounds (burns, trauma, post-excision defects) and chronic wounds (diabetic ulcers, venous ulcers, pressure injuries, et